Questions and Answers
What defines a primary source in history?
Secondary sources are considered to be persuasive.
True
What is epigraphy?
The study of inscriptions engraved on various surfaces.
____ relies on the memory of people and recounts their community story to historians.
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Which of the following is a category of primary sources?
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Name one source that documents Jose Rizal’s life.
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What materials are considered artifacts in archaeology?
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What does the term 'scraps of evidences' refer to?
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Match the following sources with their types:
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Archives contain secondary sources and documents.
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Where can one find sources in Philippine history?
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Study Notes
Understanding Historical Sources
- Historical sources are essential for constructing narratives about the past and have various types with unique challenges and advantages.
- Sources are classified into Primary Sources and Secondary Sources.
Primary Sources
- Defined as materials originating from the historical period being studied; they serve as the "raw material" of history.
- Functions as "eyewitness" accounts of events, providing direct evidence from the time.
- Categories of primary sources include:
- Remains and Relics: Items such as photographs, coins, skeletons, tools, and art pieces that reflect the cultural context of a historical period.
- Documents: Written records such as laws, letters, manuscripts, newspapers, and maps which have a direct relationship with events.
Evaluating Primary Sources
- Important inquiries include understanding the material's capacity to convey knowledge about the past.
- Considerations when evaluating primary sources include:
- Author’s Purpose and Motives: Intent behind the material.
- Argument Techniques: Strategies employed by the author.
- Presuppositions and Values: Both in the text itself and the reader's perspective.
- Truth Content: Assessing the credibility and validity of the information.
- Comparative Analysis: Relating and contrasting with other sources.
Types of Historical Sources
- Written Sources: Materials recorded through writing; vital for historical study.
- Oral Sources: Historical accounts relying on collective memory; pioneered by Joseph Gould in "An Oral History of Our Time."
- Artifacts: Man-made items of archaeological interest, often reflecting cultural contexts.
- Epigraphy: Study of inscriptions on various surfaces, varying from brief phrases to extensive decrees.
Secondary Sources
- Comprise analyses, interpretations, or restatements of primary sources; tend to be persuasive.
- Include generalization, synthesis, interpretation, and commentary aimed at conveying the author's arguments.
Sources on José Rizal
- Rizal’s Diary: "Diarios y memorias."
- Biography: "Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr" by Austin Coates details Rizal's contributions and impact.
Sources on Nueva Ecija Agriculture
- Talavera Irrigation System: Established in 1924, essential for rice cultivation.
- Research: "A Historical Evaluation of the Emergence of Nueva Ecija as the Rice Granary of the Philippines" by Fernando A. Santiago, Jr., Ph.D.
Sources from the 1970s
- Literature: "Dekada '70" by Lualhati Bautista.
- Film Adaptation: Directed by Chito Rono, illustrating historical social issues.
Resources in Philippine History
- Libraries: Contain a variety of books, articles, and newspapers.
- Archives: Store primary sources and documents systematically.
- Internet: An extensive resource for information including websites and online collections.
Major Publications on Philippine History
- Philippine Islands: A significant publication by Emma Blair and James Robinson.
- Agoncillo's Works: "Revolt of the Masses," "Malolos: Crisis of the Republic," and "Fateful Years."
- Ileto’s Contribution: "Pasyon at Rebolusyon" provides insight into revolutionary contexts.
Notable Accounts by Filipino Scholars
- Regional Histories: Works like Isabelo Delos Reyes’ "Historia de Ilocos" and Domingo Abella’s "Bikol Annals."
- Important texts include John Larkin's "The Pampangans" and Cesar Baroman’s "Nueva Ecija, 1896-1946."
Archival Documents
- Evidence from military records (PRR, US Military, Guerilla) and church accounts.
- Valuable resources include old maps and daily proceedings.
Online Resources
- National Memory Project and Google Books serve as excellent repositories of historical documentation.
- Project Gutenberg and Internet Archive offer access to a wide array of books and digitized materials for historical research.
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Description
Explore the different types of historical sources, including primary and secondary sources, and their significance in studying the past. This quiz will test your understanding of how these sources help construct historical narratives. Understand the challenges and benefits associated with each type of source.
