Podcast
Questions and Answers
What happens to sound intensity as the amplitude of the sound wave increases?
What happens to sound intensity as the amplitude of the sound wave increases?
- Sound intensity decreases linearly.
- Sound intensity increases proportionally. (correct)
- Sound intensity remains constant.
- Sound intensity becomes irrelevant.
Which characteristic distinguishes sound waves with the same loudness and pitch?
Which characteristic distinguishes sound waves with the same loudness and pitch?
- Frequency
- Intensity
- Waveform shape (correct)
- Amplitude
In terms of sound characteristics, how is pitch primarily determined?
In terms of sound characteristics, how is pitch primarily determined?
- By the intensity of the sound
- By the amplitude of the sound wave
- By the shape of the waveform
- By the frequency of the sound wave (correct)
What defines the relationship between loudness and amplitude?
What defines the relationship between loudness and amplitude?
Which mathematical expression defines the sound level in relation to intensity?
Which mathematical expression defines the sound level in relation to intensity?
What characterizes a spherical wave?
What characterizes a spherical wave?
In which application are spherical waves NOT typically used?
In which application are spherical waves NOT typically used?
What is the primary difference between an echo and reverberation?
What is the primary difference between an echo and reverberation?
What is the effect of wavelength on sound diffraction?
What is the effect of wavelength on sound diffraction?
How does refraction of sound waves occur?
How does refraction of sound waves occur?
Which condition must be met for significant diffraction to occur?
Which condition must be met for significant diffraction to occur?
What defines an interference pattern when waves meet?
What defines an interference pattern when waves meet?
What is the relationship between wavelength and the ability to hear sounds around corners?
What is the relationship between wavelength and the ability to hear sounds around corners?
What happens to sound waves when they travel through a vacuum?
What happens to sound waves when they travel through a vacuum?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sound waves?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sound waves?
What is the correct relationship of frequency and wavelength in sound waves?
What is the correct relationship of frequency and wavelength in sound waves?
Which medium has the highest speed of sound based on the given data?
Which medium has the highest speed of sound based on the given data?
In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium move in relation to:
In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium move in relation to:
What describes a spherical wave?
What describes a spherical wave?
If the frequency of a sound wave is doubled, what happens to its wavelength?
If the frequency of a sound wave is doubled, what happens to its wavelength?
Which statement about amplitude is true?
Which statement about amplitude is true?
Flashcards
Sound Intensity
Sound Intensity
The power carried by a sound wave per unit area.
Pitch
Pitch
A characteristic of sound determined by the frequency of the sound wave.
Loudness
Loudness
How loud a sound is perceived, determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.
Timbre (or Quality)
Timbre (or Quality)
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Interference of Sound Waves (Constructive & Destructive)
Interference of Sound Waves (Constructive & Destructive)
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Sound needs a medium
Sound needs a medium
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Wavelength
Wavelength
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Amplitude of sound
Amplitude of sound
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Time period of sound wave
Time period of sound wave
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Frequency of sound
Frequency of sound
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Speed of sound
Speed of sound
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Longitudinal waves
Longitudinal waves
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Spherical waves
Spherical waves
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Coherent spherical waves
Coherent spherical waves
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Reflection of sound waves
Reflection of sound waves
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Diffraction of sound waves
Diffraction of sound waves
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Wavelength and obstacle size
Wavelength and obstacle size
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Refraction of sound waves
Refraction of sound waves
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Interference of sound waves
Interference of sound waves
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Reverberation
Reverberation
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Study Notes
Sound Properties
- Sound waves can travel through various mediums like air, water, wood, and biological tissues.
- Sound needs a medium for transmission; it cannot travel in a vacuum.
- Sound waves are longitudinal waves, composed of compression and rarefaction patterns.
- Compression occurs when molecules are tightly packed together.
- Rarefaction occurs when molecules are spread apart.
Types of Waves
- Longitudinal waves: particle motion is parallel to energy transport (example: sound waves in air and fluids).
- Source moves left and right, coils move left and right.
- Transverse waves: particle motion is perpendicular to energy transport (example: waves on a string, light waves).
- Source moves up and down, coils move up and down.
Wave Characteristics
- Wavelength (λ): distance between successive crests or troughs.
- Amplitude: maximum displacement from equilibrium position.
- Time period (T): time taken for one complete cycle.
- Frequency (f): number of cycles per second (Hertz).
- Speed (c): distance traveled per unit time. (c = fλ)
Speed of Sound
- Speed depends on the medium's density
- Higher density usually means higher speed.
- Speed is approximately 343 m/s in dry air at 20°C. (varies with temperature and medium).
Spherical Waves
- Spherical waves spread out from a central point, decreasing in intensity with distance.
- Spherical symmetry; same in all directions at a distance
- Intensity decreases with increasing distance.
- Coherent waves have constant phase relationships, creating interference patterns.
- Non-coherent waves do not create stable interference patterns.
Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, and Interference
- Reflection: portion of a wave bounces off a boundary.
- Echo: single reflection
- Reverberation: multiple reflections in a small space
- Refraction: change in wave direction as it passes from one medium to another, caused by changes in speed.
- Speed changes due to density and temperature differences (e.g., hot air vs. cold air)
- Diffraction: bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. The size of the opening/obstacle affects the amount of diffraction (bigger opening, more noticeable diffraction)
- Interference: When waves meet, their energies combine, creating either constructive or destructive interference effects
Sound Intensity, Pitch, and Quality
- Sound intensity: power per unit area of a sound wave.
- Pitch: characteristic of sound that distinguishes notes (high vs. low). Depends on frequency; higher frequency = higher pitch.
- Quality/Timbre: characteristic that distinguishes sounds with the same pitch and loudness (e.g., a piano vs. a flute). Waveform shapes are different.
Loudness
- Loudness depends on amplitude; larger amplitude, louder sound.
- Sound level (dB): logarithmic scale, convenient for large range of intensities.
- Loudness is relative and dimensionless.
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