Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following examples demonstrates a variant in the pronunciation of the plural morpheme?
Which of the following examples demonstrates a variant in the pronunciation of the plural morpheme?
- The /s/ in 'cats'
- The /z/ in 'dogs'
- The /ɪz/ in 'dishes'
- All of the above (correct)
The 'p' in 'pneumonia' is an example of a silent letter.
The 'p' in 'pneumonia' is an example of a silent letter.
True (A)
What term describes the phenomenon where the same letter can represent different sounds in English?
What term describes the phenomenon where the same letter can represent different sounds in English?
Same Letter, Different Sounds
The word 'laughter' uses the letters '____' to represent the /f/ sound.
The word 'laughter' uses the letters '____' to represent the /f/ sound.
Match the term with the definition
Match the term with the definition
Which category do 'books' /bʊks/, 'cows' /kaʊz/, and 'rushes' /rʌʃɪz/ exemplify?
Which category do 'books' /bʊks/, 'cows' /kaʊz/, and 'rushes' /rʌʃɪz/ exemplify?
In the word 'ballet', the 't' is pronounced.
In the word 'ballet', the 't' is pronounced.
Give an example of a word where the letters 'ough' represent the /f/ sound.
Give an example of a word where the letters 'ough' represent the /f/ sound.
The intrusion of a sound where there is no spelling to indicate that sound is exemplified by the word c______e, which is pronounced /kju:t/.
The intrusion of a sound where there is no spelling to indicate that sound is exemplified by the word c______e, which is pronounced /kju:t/.
Which of these words contains a silent 'w'?
Which of these words contains a silent 'w'?
The /g/ sound is ONLY spelled with the letter 'g' in English.
The /g/ sound is ONLY spelled with the letter 'g' in English.
What is the phonetic term for the different pronunciations of the past tense morpheme, such as the '-ed' in 'begged,' 'looked,' and 'painted'?
What is the phonetic term for the different pronunciations of the past tense morpheme, such as the '-ed' in 'begged,' 'looked,' and 'painted'?
The letter 's' in the word 'vision' is pronounced as ______.
The letter 's' in the word 'vision' is pronounced as ______.
Which of the following words has a silent 'b'?
Which of the following words has a silent 'b'?
Phonetics is the study of the abstract units of sound in a language.
Phonetics is the study of the abstract units of sound in a language.
Name a word in which the 'gh' is pronounced like /f/.
Name a word in which the 'gh' is pronounced like /f/.
The letters 'ph' make an /f/ sound as in the word ______.
The letters 'ph' make an /f/ sound as in the word ______.
Match each word with its silent letter:
Match each word with its silent letter:
In which of the following words is the letter 'c' silent?
In which of the following words is the letter 'c' silent?
The word 'cute' includes an inserted sound with no corresponding letter in the spelling.
The word 'cute' includes an inserted sound with no corresponding letter in the spelling.
What term is described as the intrusion of sound where there is no spelling to indicate that sound?
What term is described as the intrusion of sound where there is no spelling to indicate that sound?
The word '____' demonstrates the silent letter 'n'.
The word '____' demonstrates the silent letter 'n'.
Which word demonstrates the phenomenon of 'same sound, different letters' with the sound /g/?
Which word demonstrates the phenomenon of 'same sound, different letters' with the sound /g/?
The 's' in the word 'sugar' is pronounced as /s/.
The 's' in the word 'sugar' is pronounced as /s/.
The flap 't' and 'd' sounds can sometimes sound the same. Provide an example pair of words.
The flap 't' and 'd' sounds can sometimes sound the same. Provide an example pair of words.
The word 'aghast' uses the letters '____' to represent the /g/ sound.
The word 'aghast' uses the letters '____' to represent the /g/ sound.
Which term refers to strings of one, two or three phones?
Which term refers to strings of one, two or three phones?
Phonemes are actual sounds that are produced in speaking.
Phonemes are actual sounds that are produced in speaking.
Give an example of a glottalic egressive
Give an example of a glottalic egressive
Vocal cords can be shown as open glottis, closed glottis, or ______ vocal cords.
Vocal cords can be shown as open glottis, closed glottis, or ______ vocal cords.
Which of the following language uses velaric ingressive mechanism?
Which of the following language uses velaric ingressive mechanism?
The airstream mechanism is the place and manner of articulation – the horizontal and vertical positions of the tongue and lips.
The airstream mechanism is the place and manner of articulation – the horizontal and vertical positions of the tongue and lips.
List the 4 major aspects of speech production.
List the 4 major aspects of speech production.
The larynx houses the ______.
The larynx houses the ______.
Flashcards
Plural/Past Tense Morpheme Variants
Plural/Past Tense Morpheme Variants
Pronunciation variations in plural and past tense forms that can be challenging for non-native speakers.
Inserted Sound
Inserted Sound
The intrusion of a sound in a word where there is no corresponding letter in the spelling.
Silent Letters
Silent Letters
Letters in a word that are written but not pronounced.
/f/ Sound, Multiple Spellings
/f/ Sound, Multiple Spellings
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Same Sound, Different Letters
Same Sound, Different Letters
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Same Letter, Different Sounds
Same Letter, Different Sounds
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Phoneme
Phoneme
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Allophone
Allophone
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Monophones, Biphones, Triphones
Monophones, Biphones, Triphones
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Phonemics
Phonemics
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Phonetics
Phonetics
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Phonology
Phonology
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Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
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Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
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Place/Manner of Articulation
Place/Manner of Articulation
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Pulmonic Egressive
Pulmonic Egressive
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State of Vocal Cords
State of Vocal Cords
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Place/Manner
Place/Manner
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Study Notes
- This details the inconsistencies between sound and spelling within the English language.
Variants of the Plural and Past Tense Morpheme
- Variation in pronunciation of plural and past tense morphemes are a problem for non-native English speakers.
- The standard way to form plurals is by adding -s/es to the base word.
- The standard way to form the regular past is by adding -ed to the base word.
- Books is phonetically transcribed as /buks/
- Cows is phonetically transcribed as /kauz/
- Rushes is phonetically transcribed as /rfız/
- Begged is phonetically transcribed as /begd/
- Looked is phonetically transcribed as /lukt/
- Painted is phonetically transcribed as /pelntld/
Inserted Sounds with no Representation
- The intrusion of sound where there is no spelling to indicate that sound can be problematic.
- Use is phonetically transcribed as /ju:z/
- Cute is phonetically transcribed as /kju:t/
- Eulogy is phonetically transcribed as /ju:lǝl/
- Cube is phonetically transcribed as /kju:b/
Silent Letters
- Many English words have silent letters which are written but not pronounced.
- Silent 'P' appears in psychology, pneumonia, pseudo, cupboard, and empty
- Silent 'T' appears in listen, often, castle, wrestle, rapport, ballet, and Christmas
- Silent 'U' appears in guess, quest, guard, guide, colleague, guinea, and vague
- Silent 'W' appears in wretched, wrestling, wrinkle, wrong and who
- Silent 'H' appears in hour, honest, heir, exhaust, exhibit, and shepherd
- Silent 'K' appears in know, knight, knee, knife, and knowledge
- Silent 'L' appears in could, would, should, calf, behalf, and psalm
- Silent 'M' appears in mnemonics
- Silent 'N' appears in hymn, solemn, condemn, and column
- Silent 'B' appears in numb, womb, debt, and doubt
- Silent 'C' appears in muscle, scene, science, and abscess
- Silent 'D' appears in handsome, handkerchief, and Wednesday
- Silent 'G' appears in gnome, sign, reign, feign, and diaphragm
Same Sound, Different Letters
- The same sound is not always represented by the same letter in English words
- The velar plosive /g/ can be spelled as "g" (gate, give, bag, go, etc.), "gg" (juggle, begged), or "gh" (ghost, aghast).
- The labio-dental fricative /f/ can be spelled as "f" (fit, leaf, soft, after), "ff" (offer, affair, stiff), "gh" (laughter), "ough" (cough, rough), or "ph" (photo, trophy, graph).
Same Letter, Different Sounds
- The same letter does not always represent the same sound
- The letter 'S' can be realized as /s/ (sat, song, summer, etc.), /z/ (busy, cousin, Asian, etc.), // (mission, sure, sugar, etc), or /3/ (vision, measure, leisure, etc)
Flaps T and D and how they sound the same
- Phonemes can be individual or linked
- when individual they are voiced, voiceless then voiced
- When linked they are voiced, voiced, voiced
Phonetics and Phonology Key Terms
- Monophones, Biphones, and Triphones are sequences of one, two, and three phones, respectively.
- The terms are commonly used to describe acoustic models.
- Allophone refers to one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds or phones used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language.
- Phonemics refers to the study of abstract units and their relationships in a language.
- Phones are the actual sounds produced in speaking,
- A phoneme is an ideal sound unit with a complete set of articulatory gestures, it's the basic theoretical unit.
- There are about 42 phonemes in English and they are vowels, semivowels, diphthongs, and consonants.
- Phonology belongs to theoretical linguistics, studying sound patterns in different languages; it can focus on one language.
- Phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics,
- Phonetics studies production, transmission, and reception of sound and does not focus on one language.
Airstream Mechanism
- Pulmonic egressive is used in all human languages.
- Pulmonic and velaric ingressive are not found.
- Velaric ingressive is used in Zulu (S. Africa)
- Glottalic egressive is used in Navajo (N. America)
- Glottalic ingressive is used in Sindhi (India)
Major Aspects of Speech Production involve
- The airstream mechanism.
- The state of the vocal cords, which determines voicing.
- The state of the velum, which determines if a sound is oral or nasal.
- The place and manner of articulation.
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