Sound Amplification and Detection - TSH.7

Sound intensity is defined as sound power per unit area. Its unit is W/m$^2$.

The intensity decreases by a factor of 4.

Sound is a longitudinal pressure wave.

<p>Humans can detect frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hertz (Hz).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency influences the perceived pitch of a sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>decibels (dB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 dB</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0 dBSIL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-10 $W/m^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$10^{-12} W/m^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threshold of audibility (or threshold of hearing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency (or intensity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60 phons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 phons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phon = dBSIL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malleus, Incus, Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mechanical advantage of the ossicles is approximately 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area of the tympanic membrane is approximately 20 times larger than that of the oval window.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total mechanical amplification is about 80 times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intensity at the oval window is amplified by a factor of about 6400.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cochlea analyzes sound frequencies through its structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Place theory states that high frequencies are detected at the base and low frequencies at the apex of the cochlea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cochlea is separated by the basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, and Reissner’s membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ossicles transform low force, high amplitude vibrations into low amplitude, high force vibrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A measurement of sound intensity in decibels (dB) based on a logarithmic scale.

A unit used to express the intensity of a sound, indicating its logarithmic nature.

When sound intensity doubles, SIL increases by 3 dB instead of doubling.

The lowest sound intensity detectable by the human ear, at 0 dBSIL.

The maximum sound intensity that can be tolerated, around 1-10 W/m2.

A scale where values increase exponentially; in sound, small changes equate to large differences in perception.

Sound intensity levels are compared with a reference, like the threshold of hearing (0 dBSIL).

Human perception of sound varies; frequencies like 100 Hz and 1 kHz at equal intensity sound different.

Power of sound per unit area, measured in W/m².

The number of waves passing a fixed point per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

A formula to calculate sound intensity level in decibels (dB).

The range of sound intensities human hearing can detect.

The minimum sound intensity that can be heard by humans.

Intensity of sound decreases with the square of the distance from the source.

Substance through which sound travels, like air or water.

Three small bones in the middle ear that amplify sound.

The ossicles provide amplification of approx. 2 and the tympanic membrane provides 20.

Total amplification in the 3000 Hz range is about 80 times.

At the oval window, sound intensity is amplified by about 6400.

Snail-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for detecting sound frequencies.

Part of cochlea that analyzes sound based on stiffness and resonance.

Theory explaining how the cochlea identifies frequencies based on where sound waves affect the basilar membrane.

Cochlea detects different sound frequencies through specific membrane responsiveness.

A unit representing an individual's perception of loudness, referenced at 1000 Hz.

Curves that show perceived loudness at different frequencies compared to a reference frequency (1000 Hz).

A measure of sound power relative to a reference level, usually expressed in decibels (dB).

If a sound is perceived as loud as a 60 dB sound at 1000 Hz, it's 60 phons.

The outer ear directs sound into the auditory canal, enhancing sound collection.

A passage that funnels sound and enhances intensity before reaching the tympanic membrane.

A thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound pressure, connected to the ossicles in the middle ear.