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Somitomere Formation Quiz
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Somitomere Formation Quiz

Created by
@VeritableJadeite

Questions and Answers

What is the origin of striated skeletal muscle in the cranial region?

  • Derived from limb mesoderm
  • Derived from lateral plate mesoderm
  • Derived from somitomeres (correct)
  • Derived from ectoderm

    • During the process of epithelialization, what structure is formed?

  • A layer of stratified squamous epithelium
  • A ball of epithelial cells with a central cavity (correct)
  • A solid mass of mesenchyme
  • A ball of epithelial cells with a destructive cavity

    • What does the ventral region of each somite differentiate into?

  • Dermatome
  • Notochord
  • Sclerotome (correct)
  • Myotome

    • Which of the following muscles is NOT specifically mentioned as deriving from the upper region of somites?

    <p>Deltoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the somites as they develop caudally?

    <p>They are partially segmented from paraxial mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is responsible for the milk ejection reflex in the mammary glands?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which type of mesoderm does cardiac muscle arise?

    <p>Visceral (splanchnic) mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland?

    <p>Facilitating milk ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT classified as smooth muscle?

    <p>Heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is considered the reference point for neighboring mesoderm types?

    <p>Neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle controls involuntary movements such as those in sweat glands?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mesoderm gives rise to muscle proper?

    <p>Paraxial mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics correctly defines smooth muscle?

    <p>Non-striated and involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the somitomeres primarily contribute to in early embryonic development?

    <p>Head Musculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain is responsible for forming the back of the embryo along the spine?

    <p>Paraxial Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure will the sclerotome develop into during embryogenesis?

    <p>Cartilage and bony framework for the vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which part of the paraxial mesoderm do somites derive?

    <p>Paraxial Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle does the somitic development NOT give rise to?

    <p>Nerve Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does the syndotome give rise to?

    <p>Tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the primaxial domain is accurate?

    <p>It is associated with somitomeres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to conditions such as Syndromic Dystrophy?

    <p>Muscular Dystrophy: Duchene MD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which type of mesoderm does cardiac muscle develop?

    <p>Splanchnic/visceral mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What special structures allow myoblasts in cardiac muscle to adhere to one another?

    <p>Intercalated discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>Form the conducting system of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the partial or complete absence of abdominal musculature?

    <p>Prune Belly Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is primarily responsible for inducing the muscle-specific gene MyoD in VLL cells?

    <p>Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the lateral plate mesoderm?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do WNT proteins play in the development of dermomyotome?

    <p>They activate VLL cells in conjunction with SHH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defect is associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?

    <p>Atrophy of the abdominal wall musculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type receives signals from spinal nerve innervation during dermomyotome development?

    <p>DML cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In embryonic development, which muscle type does NOT typically show myoblast fusion?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a visible result of the defects associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?

    <p>Distended abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), which two factors are explicitly mentioned?

    <p>MyoD and MYF5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer signals the VLL cells to express the muscle-specific gene?

    <p>Parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low concentrations of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) proteins on DML cells?

    <p>They induce expression of MYF5 and MyoD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The signal from which part of the embryo helps delineate the dermis from the lateral plate mesoderm?

    <p>Notochord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily influenced by signals from both BMP4 and SHH during development?

    <p>DML cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Development in Embryology

    • Dorsomedial Lips: Located in the sacral region; involved in muscle development.
    • Domains in Development:
      • Primordial Domains:
        • Primaxial Domain: Forms somitomeres in the head.
        • Abaxial Domain: Forms the back of the embryo along the spine.

    Muscles and Tendons

    • Myoblasts: Precursor muscle cells that differentiate into skeletal muscles and tendons.
    • Somites: Paired segments along the notochord that contribute to muscle development.
    • Skeletal Muscle Types:
      • Head Musculature: Derived from somitomeres.
      • Limb Musculature: Originates from somites.

    Somite Contributions

    • Somites give rise to the following structures:
      • Sclerotome: Forms cartilage and bone framework for vertebrae.
      • Syndotome: Develops into tendons.
      • Dermatome: Contributes to the skin and back muscles.

    Muscle Types

    • Striated Skeletal Muscles:

      • Develop from cranial somitomeres for head muscles; from paraxial mesoderm for caudal muscles.
      • Axial skeletal muscles form the body wall and limbs.

    • Cardiac Muscle:

      • Derived from visceral mesoderm surrounding the heart tube.
      • Exhibits specialized cell connections known as intercalated discs.

    • Smooth Muscle:

      • Originates from lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest.
      • Includes functional smooth muscles like pupillary, mammary gland, and sweat gland muscles.

    Regulatory Mechanisms in Muscle Development

    • Molecular Signals:
      • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) and fibroblast growth factors signal myoblast differentiation.
      • WNT and SHH proteins induce expression of Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), such as MYF5 and MyoD, in muscle precursor cells.

    Clinical Correlates

    • Poland Sequence: Characterized by absence of pectoralis minor and part of the pectoralis major, leading to nipple displacement.
    • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A genetic disorder causing muscle degeneration.
    • Prune Belly Syndrome: Involves absence of abdominal muscles, resulting in distension and visible organ prominence due to fluid accumulation.

    Developmental Overview

    • Muscles undergo epithelialization, forming hollow structures during early stages of development.
    • The dorsal and ventral regions of somites guide the formation of various muscle types and skeletal features, such as ribs and vertebrae.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the embryonic development of somitomeres and their anatomical significance in the suprahyoid region. This quiz covers key concepts like the primaxial and abaxial domains in the context of somatic frontiers and structure formation.

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