Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the origin of striated skeletal muscle in the cranial region?
What is the origin of striated skeletal muscle in the cranial region?
During the process of epithelialization, what structure is formed?
During the process of epithelialization, what structure is formed?
What does the ventral region of each somite differentiate into?
What does the ventral region of each somite differentiate into?
Which of the following muscles is NOT specifically mentioned as deriving from the upper region of somites?
Which of the following muscles is NOT specifically mentioned as deriving from the upper region of somites?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the somites as they develop caudally?
What happens to the somites as they develop caudally?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of muscle is responsible for the milk ejection reflex in the mammary glands?
Which type of muscle is responsible for the milk ejection reflex in the mammary glands?
Signup and view all the answers
From which type of mesoderm does cardiac muscle arise?
From which type of mesoderm does cardiac muscle arise?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland?
What is the role of myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following muscles is NOT classified as smooth muscle?
Which of the following muscles is NOT classified as smooth muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is considered the reference point for neighboring mesoderm types?
Which structure is considered the reference point for neighboring mesoderm types?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of muscle controls involuntary movements such as those in sweat glands?
What type of muscle controls involuntary movements such as those in sweat glands?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of mesoderm gives rise to muscle proper?
Which type of mesoderm gives rise to muscle proper?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following characteristics correctly defines smooth muscle?
Which of the following characteristics correctly defines smooth muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
What do the somitomeres primarily contribute to in early embryonic development?
What do the somitomeres primarily contribute to in early embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which domain is responsible for forming the back of the embryo along the spine?
Which domain is responsible for forming the back of the embryo along the spine?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure will the sclerotome develop into during embryogenesis?
What structure will the sclerotome develop into during embryogenesis?
Signup and view all the answers
From which part of the paraxial mesoderm do somites derive?
From which part of the paraxial mesoderm do somites derive?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of muscle does the somitic development NOT give rise to?
What type of muscle does the somitic development NOT give rise to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component does the syndotome give rise to?
Which component does the syndotome give rise to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the primaxial domain is accurate?
Which statement about the primaxial domain is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following refers to conditions such as Syndromic Dystrophy?
Which of the following refers to conditions such as Syndromic Dystrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
From which type of mesoderm does cardiac muscle develop?
From which type of mesoderm does cardiac muscle develop?
Signup and view all the answers
What special structures allow myoblasts in cardiac muscle to adhere to one another?
What special structures allow myoblasts in cardiac muscle to adhere to one another?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?
What is the primary function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by the partial or complete absence of abdominal musculature?
What condition is characterized by the partial or complete absence of abdominal musculature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which protein is primarily responsible for inducing the muscle-specific gene MyoD in VLL cells?
Which protein is primarily responsible for inducing the muscle-specific gene MyoD in VLL cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the lateral plate mesoderm?
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the lateral plate mesoderm?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do WNT proteins play in the development of dermomyotome?
What role do WNT proteins play in the development of dermomyotome?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic defect is associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
What characteristic defect is associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cell type receives signals from spinal nerve innervation during dermomyotome development?
Which cell type receives signals from spinal nerve innervation during dermomyotome development?
Signup and view all the answers
In embryonic development, which muscle type does NOT typically show myoblast fusion?
In embryonic development, which muscle type does NOT typically show myoblast fusion?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be a visible result of the defects associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
What can be a visible result of the defects associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), which two factors are explicitly mentioned?
In the context of Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), which two factors are explicitly mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
Which layer signals the VLL cells to express the muscle-specific gene?
Which layer signals the VLL cells to express the muscle-specific gene?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of low concentrations of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) proteins on DML cells?
What is the effect of low concentrations of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) proteins on DML cells?
Signup and view all the answers
The signal from which part of the embryo helps delineate the dermis from the lateral plate mesoderm?
The signal from which part of the embryo helps delineate the dermis from the lateral plate mesoderm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cell type is primarily influenced by signals from both BMP4 and SHH during development?
Which cell type is primarily influenced by signals from both BMP4 and SHH during development?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Muscle Development in Embryology
- Dorsomedial Lips: Located in the sacral region; involved in muscle development.
-
Domains in Development:
-
Primordial Domains:
- Primaxial Domain: Forms somitomeres in the head.
- Abaxial Domain: Forms the back of the embryo along the spine.
-
Primordial Domains:
Muscles and Tendons
- Myoblasts: Precursor muscle cells that differentiate into skeletal muscles and tendons.
- Somites: Paired segments along the notochord that contribute to muscle development.
-
Skeletal Muscle Types:
- Head Musculature: Derived from somitomeres.
- Limb Musculature: Originates from somites.
Somite Contributions
- Somites give rise to the following structures:
- Sclerotome: Forms cartilage and bone framework for vertebrae.
- Syndotome: Develops into tendons.
- Dermatome: Contributes to the skin and back muscles.
Muscle Types
-
Striated Skeletal Muscles:
- Develop from cranial somitomeres for head muscles; from paraxial mesoderm for caudal muscles.
- Axial skeletal muscles form the body wall and limbs.
-
Cardiac Muscle:
- Derived from visceral mesoderm surrounding the heart tube.
- Exhibits specialized cell connections known as intercalated discs.
-
Smooth Muscle:
- Originates from lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest.
- Includes functional smooth muscles like pupillary, mammary gland, and sweat gland muscles.
Regulatory Mechanisms in Muscle Development
-
Molecular Signals:
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) and fibroblast growth factors signal myoblast differentiation.
- WNT and SHH proteins induce expression of Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), such as MYF5 and MyoD, in muscle precursor cells.
Clinical Correlates
- Poland Sequence: Characterized by absence of pectoralis minor and part of the pectoralis major, leading to nipple displacement.
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A genetic disorder causing muscle degeneration.
- Prune Belly Syndrome: Involves absence of abdominal muscles, resulting in distension and visible organ prominence due to fluid accumulation.
Developmental Overview
- Muscles undergo epithelialization, forming hollow structures during early stages of development.
- The dorsal and ventral regions of somites guide the formation of various muscle types and skeletal features, such as ribs and vertebrae.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the embryonic development of somitomeres and their anatomical significance in the suprahyoid region. This quiz covers key concepts like the primaxial and abaxial domains in the context of somatic frontiers and structure formation.
