28 Questions
What is the key diagnostic criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
What is a common symptom of Panic Disorder?
Sense of impending, unavoidable doom.
Which perspective suggests that anxiety disorders may arise from inappropriate and inaccurate thoughts?
Cognitive perspective
What is the lifetime prevalence rate for Panic Disorder?
3.5%
Which neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with anxiety disorders?
Serotonin deficiency
What is a characteristic symptom of Social Phobia?
Avoiding social situations for fear of judgment.
What is a potential biological cause of Major Depressive Disorder?
Impaired neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
How many episodes, on average, do individuals with Major Depressive Disorder experience?
5 to 6
What is the most common reported alteration in individuals with Major Depressive Disorder regarding sleeping patterns?
Difficulty falling asleep
Which neurotransmitters are believed to play a role in Major Depressive Disorder?
Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
What is an essential diagnostic criterion for Major Depressive Disorder?
Significant impairment nearly every day for more than a few weeks
Which brain structures have been associated with the risk of depression according to neuroimaging?
Area 25 and right anterior insula
According to the passage, what did Hippocrates believe caused mental illness?
Imbalances in the four bodily fluids
What was the main goal of the moral treatment approach advocated by psychiatric reformers in the 18-19th centuries?
To provide patients with dignified, respectful, and kind care
What was the main factor that led to the policy of deinstitutionalization in the modern era?
The development of new antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine
What was the main purpose of creating asylums in the modern (somatogenic) model of mental illness?
To separate the mentally ill from the rest of society
What was a key criticism of the mental asylums in the 19th century?
They relied too heavily on physical restraints and harsh treatments
How did the introduction of new antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s impact the treatment of mental illness?
It resulted in the closure of many asylums and a policy of deinstitutionalization
What is the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the population?
3-6%
When does Generalized Anxiety Disorder tend to be diagnosed earliest compared to other disorders?
Among all classes of disorders
What percentage of the day do individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder spend worrying or ruminating?
60%
What is the most common physical symptom associated with Phobic Disorders/Specific Phobias?
A full-blown panic attack
Which demographic is more often diagnosed with Phobic Disorders/Specific Phobias?
Females in midlife
What is the main notion underlying the view that psychological disorders have a physical, biological cause?
Psychological disorders are caused by a hormonal or chemical imbalance that can be identified through a physical exam.
What does the text state about the relationship between symptoms and the root cause of psychological disorders?
Symptoms tell us very little about the root cause, which is likely to be multifaceted.
What is the primary purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?
To generate standardized communication between doctors and scientists about mental disorders.
What is one of the key criticisms of the DSM-5 mentioned in the text?
It is too focused on a categorical, rather than dimensional, model of mental disorders.
What does the text state about the number of diagnoses in the DSM-5?
The number of diagnoses has increased from 128 to 541, reflecting an overly broad and complex system.
Explore the historical somatogenic model of mental illness, which views mental disorders as physical illnesses originating from biological imbalances. Learn about the beliefs of Hippocrates and the use of bodily treatments to address mental health issues.
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