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Questions and Answers
What is the principle of solvent extraction?
What is the principle of solvent extraction?
- The process of isolating an organic compound from its aqueous solution by shaking it with a suitable organic solvent (correct)
- The process of isolating an organic compound from its aqueous solution by shaking it with a suitable inorganic solvent
- The process of isolating an aqueous compound from its organic solution by shaking it with a suitable inorganic solvent
- The process of isolating an aqueous compound from its organic solution by shaking it with a suitable organic solvent
What is the basis of the solvent extraction law?
What is the basis of the solvent extraction law?
- Charles's law
- Distribution law (correct)
- Henry's law
- Boyle's law
What is the partition coefficient (KD) in solvent extraction?
What is the partition coefficient (KD) in solvent extraction?
- The ratio of the concentrations of a solvent in two non-miscible solutes at a constant temperature
- The ratio of the concentrations of a solute in two non-miscible solvents at a constant temperature (correct)
- The ratio of the concentrations of a solute in two miscible solvents at a constant temperature
- The ratio of the concentrations of a solvent in two miscible solutes at a constant temperature
What is the principle of extraction of PAHs?
What is the principle of extraction of PAHs?
What is the purpose of acidifying seawater to pH 2 before extraction of TPHs and PAHs?
What is the purpose of acidifying seawater to pH 2 before extraction of TPHs and PAHs?
What is the disadvantage of using liquid/liquid extraction method for PAHs extraction?
What is the disadvantage of using liquid/liquid extraction method for PAHs extraction?
What is the purpose of the rotary evaporator in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
What is the purpose of the rotary evaporator in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
What is the purpose of the vacuum source in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
What is the purpose of the vacuum source in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
What is the purpose of the spectrofluorometer in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
What is the purpose of the spectrofluorometer in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
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Study Notes
Equipment and Methodology for Organic Pollutants Analysis
- Soxhlet-extraction method is used to extract organic pollutants from sediment samples.
- Methylene chloride is used as the solvent for the Soxhlet-extraction process.
- Rotary evaporator is used to separate organic compounds from the solvent under specific conditions.
- A rotary motor is used to rotate the evaporation flask at a continuous and constant speed, increasing the surface area for evaporation and ensuring even mixing and heating.
- A vacuum source is used to create a vacuum within the airtight set-up, reducing the pressure within the system.
- A glass tube is used to protect and support the sample during rotation and help create a vacuum.
- A heating bath, mainly a hot water bath, is used to heat the sample and regulate temperature.
- A condenser, mainly found in a double snake shape, is used to condensate the evaporated sample and enhance convenient sample collection.
- A spectrofluorometer is used for initial determination and quantification of total organic material/compounds such as phenol and petroleum hydrocarbons.
- The spectrofluorometer contains a light source, two monochromators, a sample holder, and a detector.
- A xenon arc lamp is used as the lamp source in the spectrofluorometer, emitting radiation in the UV, visible, and near-infrared regions.
- The fluorescence emitted by the sample molecules upon excitation is detected by a photocell at right angles to the excitation light beam and analyzed by the emission monochromator.
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