Questions and Answers
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains all of a substance capable of dissolving; a solution of a substance in equilibrium with an excess undissolved substance.
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is saturated?
If more solute is added to the solution and the solute remains undissolved, then you know that the solution is saturated.
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution that is not saturated so it has undissolved solute.
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is unsaturated?
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What is a supersaturated solution?
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What visible evidence indicates that a solution is supersaturated?
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Explain how temperature and pressure affect the solubility of solids and gases.
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What is meant by the phrase 'like dissolves like'?
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Explain how temperature, stirring, and surface area can increase or decrease the rate of solution.
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Look at each compound and determine if it is soluble in water. If the compound is soluble in water, place an X next to it: PbCl₂, BaSO₄, NiCl₂, CdS, Ag₃PO₄, CaSO₄, AgCl.
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Study Notes
Saturated Solutions
- A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature, in equilibrium with excess undissolved substance.
- Visible evidence of saturation: Adding more solute results in undissolved particles.
Unsaturated Solutions
- An unsaturated solution has not reached its solubility limit; it can still dissolve more solute.
- Indication of unsaturation: Solute continues to dissolve without leaving undissolved particles.
Supersaturated Solutions
- A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than normally possible under standard conditions.
- Signs of supersaturation: Solution stops mixing and begins to crystallize or fall out of the container.
Solubility Influences
- Temperature and pressure affect solubility; increased pressure enhances gas solubility while higher temperatures generally increase solid solubility.
- Stirring and surface area improvements can accelerate solubility rates due to increased interaction between solute and solvent.
"Like Dissolves Like"
- The principle "like dissolves like" suggests that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, while nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
Solubility of Specific Compounds
- The solubility of various compounds in water can be evaluated:
- PbCl₂: Soluble
- BaSO₄: Soluble
- NiCl₂: Soluble
- CdS: Insoluble
- Ag₃PO₄: Insoluble
- CaSO₄: Soluble
- AgCl: Soluble
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