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What is a saturated solution?
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains all of a substance capable of dissolving; a solution of a substance in equilibrium with an excess undissolved substance.
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is saturated?
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is saturated?
If more solute is added to the solution and the solute remains undissolved, then you know that the solution is saturated.
What is an unsaturated solution?
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution that is not saturated so it has undissolved solute.
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is unsaturated?
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is unsaturated?
What is a supersaturated solution?
What is a supersaturated solution?
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is supersaturated?
What visible evidence indicates that a solution is supersaturated?
Explain how temperature and pressure affect the solubility of solids and gases.
Explain how temperature and pressure affect the solubility of solids and gases.
What is meant by the phrase 'like dissolves like'?
What is meant by the phrase 'like dissolves like'?
Explain how temperature, stirring, and surface area can increase or decrease the rate of solution.
Explain how temperature, stirring, and surface area can increase or decrease the rate of solution.
Look at each compound and determine if it is soluble in water. If the compound is soluble in water, place an X next to it: PbCl₂, BaSO₄, NiCl₂, CdS, Ag₃PO₄, CaSO₄, AgCl.
Look at each compound and determine if it is soluble in water. If the compound is soluble in water, place an X next to it: PbCl₂, BaSO₄, NiCl₂, CdS, Ag₃PO₄, CaSO₄, AgCl.
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Study Notes
Saturated Solutions
- A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature, in equilibrium with excess undissolved substance.
- Visible evidence of saturation: Adding more solute results in undissolved particles.
Unsaturated Solutions
- An unsaturated solution has not reached its solubility limit; it can still dissolve more solute.
- Indication of unsaturation: Solute continues to dissolve without leaving undissolved particles.
Supersaturated Solutions
- A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than normally possible under standard conditions.
- Signs of supersaturation: Solution stops mixing and begins to crystallize or fall out of the container.
Solubility Influences
- Temperature and pressure affect solubility; increased pressure enhances gas solubility while higher temperatures generally increase solid solubility.
- Stirring and surface area improvements can accelerate solubility rates due to increased interaction between solute and solvent.
"Like Dissolves Like"
- The principle "like dissolves like" suggests that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, while nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
Solubility of Specific Compounds
- The solubility of various compounds in water can be evaluated:
- PbCl₂: Soluble
- BaSO₄: Soluble
- NiCl₂: Soluble
- CdS: Insoluble
- Ag₃PO₄: Insoluble
- CaSO₄: Soluble
- AgCl: Soluble
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