Solutions and Colloidal Systems in Medical Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is a solution in the context of chemistry?

  • A mixture of only solute and solvent
  • A mixture of two or more components (correct)
  • A homogeneous mixture of only solute
  • A mixture of only two components

    • What is the solvent in a solution?

  • The substance being dissolved
  • The component with the highest concentration
  • The substance with the highest molecular weight
  • The dissolving medium (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of a heterogeneous mixture?

  • The smallest samples are everywhere identical in composition and properties
  • The mixture is always a solution
  • The mixture is always a colloid
  • The mixture is not uniform throughout (correct)

    • What is the term for the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature?

    <p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a factor that affects solubility?

    <p>The type of bond between the particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved in the solvent?

    <p>Supersaturated solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated solution?

    <p>A saturated solution cannot dissolve any more solute, while an unsaturated solution can</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increasing the temperature of a solution?

    <p>The solubility of the solute increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a colloid where the dispersed phase has little or no affinity for the dispersion medium?

    <p>Lyophobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why lyophobic colloids are difficult to prepare?

    <p>They require special methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a lyophobic colloid?

    <p>Solution of gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of colloids in the food and beverage industry?

    <p>Stabilization, texture enhancement, and emulsification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of particles in a suspension?

    <p>They are greater than 1000 nm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of a suspension that allows it to be separated by filtration?

    <p>Its large particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a suspension?

    <p>Muddy water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the settling of particles in a suspension?

    <p>Sedimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of creating a supersaturated solution?

    <p>By dissolving a substance at a higher temperature and then slowly cooling it to a lower temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the substance that is dispersed in a colloidal solution?

    <p>Dispersed phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of particles in a colloidal solution?

    <p>1 nanometer to 1 micrometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of colloidal particles that prevents them from settling down due to gravity?

    <p>Their small size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where a strong beam of light is focused on a colloidal solution and the path of the beam becomes visible?

    <p>Tyndall effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for colloids that have an affinity for the dispersion medium?

    <p>Lyophilic colloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lyophilic colloids that makes them difficult to coagulate?

    <p>Their stable nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method by which colloidal particles can be separated from their dispersion medium?

    <p>Centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solutions and Colloidal Systems

    • Fluids in living systems are complex mixtures of colloids, ions, and molecules.
    • A solution is a mixture of two or more components:
      • Solute: the substance being dissolved
      • Solvent: the dissolving medium
    • Solutions are homogeneous mixtures, meaning the smallest samples are identical in composition and properties.

    Factors Affecting Solubility

    • Temperature
    • Pressure
    • Type of bond and forces between particles (intermolecular forces)

    Types of Solutions

    • Unsaturated solution: a solution in which a solvent can dissolve more solute at a given temperature
    • Saturated solution: a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature
    • Supersaturated solution: a solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved at a given temperature, typically created by saturating a solution at a higher temperature and then cooling it to a lower temperature

    Colloids and Colloidal Dispersions

    • Colloids are mixtures of two or more substances where one substance is dispersed within another
    • Dispersed phase: the substance dispersed within another
    • Dispersion medium: the medium in which the substance is dispersed
    • Colloidal particles range in size from 1 nanometer to 1 micrometer and can be solid, liquid, or gas

    Properties of Colloids

    • Heterogeneous mixture
    • Small particle size
    • Shows the Tyndall effect
    • Does not settle down when left undisturbed
    • Cannot be separated by filtration
    • Can be separated by centrifugation

    Types of Colloids

    • Lyophilic colloids: dispersed phase has an affinity for the dispersion medium, examples include starch, rubber, and protein
    • Lyophobic colloids: dispersed phase has little or no affinity for the dispersion medium, examples include solutions of metals like silver and gold

    Applications of Colloids

    • Thickening agents in industrial products
    • Paints and inks
    • Food and beverage industry
    • Nanotechnology applications
    • Dentistry, including dental materials and drug delivery systems

    Suspensions

    • A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles with a diameter greater than 1000 nm
    • Particles are visible to the naked eye
    • Examples include muddy water

    Properties of Suspensions

    • Heterogeneous mixture
    • Large particle size
    • Particles can be seen easily
    • Particles do not pass through a filter paper
    • Can be separated by filtration
    • Unstable, particles settle down after some time
    • Scatters a beam of light passing through it due to large particle size

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    Related Documents

    Medical Chemistry Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Learn about the behavior of complex fluids in living systems, including colloids, ions, and molecules, and their vital role in the body. This medical chemistry quiz covers solutions and colloidal systems.

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