Solutions and Colligative Properties Calculations
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Questions and Answers

What is a saturated solution?

  • A solution where more solute can be dissolved at the same temperature
  • A solution that cannot hold any more solvent
  • A solution with no solute dissolved at all
  • A solution with the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent (correct)

    • How does temperature affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid?

  • Increases if dissolution is exothermic and decreases if dissolution is endothermic (correct)
  • Always increases with temperature
  • Increases if dissolution is endothermic and decreases if dissolution is exothermic
  • Always decreases with temperature

    • What is an unsaturated solution?

  • A solution where more solute can be dissolved at the same temperature (correct)
  • A solution where less solvent is dissolved compared to the saturated solution
  • A solution where all solute is dissolved
  • A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at the same temperature

    • Why doesn't pressure have a significant effect on the solubility of solids in liquids?

    <p>Solids and liquids are highly incompressible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the solubility of one substance into another?

    <p>Nature of the substances, temperature, and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle must a nearly saturated solution follow based on dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>Le Chatelier's Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Raoult's law, what is the relationship between the partial vapour pressure of a component and its mole fraction in a binary liquid solution?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a binary liquid solution, if the mole fraction of component 1 increases, what happens to the partial vapour pressure of component 1 according to Raoult's law?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the total vapour pressure in a binary liquid solution according to the text?

    <p>It indicates the sum of partial pressures of both components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the partial vapour pressure of component 2 (p2) is known and its mole fraction (x2) increases, what happens to p2 according to Raoult's law?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Francois Marte Raoult play in understanding binary liquid solutions?

    <p>Introduced Raoult's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are partial vapour pressures related to mole fractions in a binary liquid solution?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molality of the glucose solution in Example 1.7?

    <p>0.1 mol/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point of the solution in Example 1.7?

    <p>373.202 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Example 1.8, what is the molar mass of the solute being dissolved in benzene?

    <p>58 g/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the lowering of vapour pressure in a solution have on the freezing point compared to the pure solvent?

    <p>Decreases the freezing point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does the freezing point of a substance occur?

    <p>When solid phase is equal to liquid phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DTb represent in the context of boiling point elevation?

    <p>Elevation in boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a solution freezes according to Raoult’s law?

    <p>Its vapour pressure equals the vapour pressure of the pure solid solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the freezing point depression (∆Tf) related to molality (m) in ideal solutions?

    <p>∆Tf is directly proportional to m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kf in the context of freezing point depression?

    <p>Proportionality constant for depression of freezing point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of Kf, the Freezing Point Depression Constant?

    <p>K kg mol-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a solute produces a depression in freezing point ∆Tf, what equation relates this to the molality of the solute?

    <p>$m = rac{w1}{w2} imes M2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the freezing point depression of the solution in the first example?

    <p>2.2 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the second example, what is the freezing point depression constant of benzene?

    <p>5.12 K kg mol-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the given information, what is the molality of ethylene glycol used in the solution?

    <p>1.2 mol kg-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the freezing point of the aqueous solution in the first example?

    <p>270.95 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In osmosis, why does the level of solution rise in the thistle funnel?

    <p>Due to the movement of solvent molecules across a semi-permeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood cells when suspended in saline water?

    <p>They collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

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