Solubility Equilibria and Ksp
38 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the effect of adding a soluble salt that contains one of the ions of the slightly soluble salt on the solubility of the slightly soluble salt?

  • It increases the solubility of the slightly soluble salt
  • It has no effect on the solubility of the slightly soluble salt
  • It decreases the solubility of the slightly soluble salt (correct)
  • It changes the solubility product of the slightly soluble salt
  • What happens to the equilibrium when Pb2+ is added to the solubility equilibrium of solid PbCrO4?

  • The equilibrium becomes undefined
  • The equilibrium shifts to the right
  • The equilibrium shifts to the left (correct)
  • The equilibrium remains unchanged
  • What is the unit of molar solubility?

  • Grams per liter (g/L)
  • Grams per kilogram (g/kg)
  • Moles per kilogram (mol/kg)
  • Moles per liter (M) (correct)
  • What is the solubility product for calcium oxalate?

    <p>2.3 x 10^-9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the common-ion effect on the solubility product of the slightly soluble salt?

    <p>It has no effect on the solubility product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the addition of Pb(NO3)2 to the solubility equilibrium of solid PbCrO4 decrease the solubility of PbCrO4?

    <p>Because the addition of Pb2+ ions shifts the equilibrium to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the molar solubility of a slightly soluble salt?

    <p>To determine the amount of salt that can dissolve in a given volume of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition necessary for the common-ion effect to occur?

    <p>A soluble salt that contains one of the ions of the slightly soluble salt must be added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is molar solubility in the context of a saturated solution?

    <p>The maximum amount of solute dissolved per liter of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can the Ksp values of different compounds be meaningfully compared?

    <p>When the compounds have the same dissociation stoichiometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ksp represent for a compound like calcium oxalate in a saturated solution?

    <p>The equilibrium constant for the dissolution reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a saturated solution of calcium oxalate produces a residue of 0.0061 g after evaporation, what information can be calculated?

    <p>The molar solubility of calcium oxalate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar solubility of calcium oxalate calculated from a 0.0061-g residue?

    <p>$2.3 imes 10^{-9}$ M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 1.2 x $10^{-3}$ mol of lead(II) iodide dissolves in 1 L of solution, what does this information imply about its solubility product constant?

    <p>It is equal to 1.2 x $10^{-3}$ M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might Ksp values not always be directly compared between different compounds?

    <p>Because they require a common dissociation stoichiometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of solubility, what does the residue left after evaporation of a saturated solution represent?

    <p>The mass of solute that was originally dissolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met for precipitation to occur in a solution?

    <p>The concentration of the ions must exceed Ksp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if Q equals Ksp in a solution?

    <p>The solution is saturated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the ion product Q is less than Ksp, what is the state of the solution?

    <p>The solution is unsaturated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the ion product in solubility reactions?

    <p>It represents the concentrations of the ions in the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a solution when Q is greater than Ksp?

    <p>Precipitation of the salt will occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a solubility reaction, what does the term Ksp represent?

    <p>The solubility product constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the concentrations of ions in a solution are equal to 0.15 M each, and Ksp is known to be $2.3 imes 10^{-9}$, what can be inferred?

    <p>It depends on the specific ionic compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ion product referred to as the ion product instead of the reaction quotient?

    <p>Because it focuses on concentrations of ions only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the solubility product constant (Ksp) represent in the context of ionic compounds?

    <p>The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a solid salt into its aqueous ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dissociation reaction of a slightly soluble ionic compound M𝑝X𝑞, which expression represents the solubility product?

    <p>Ksp = [M𝑚+]^p[X𝑛−]^q</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calculating molar solubility, what must be taken into account if the coefficients of the ions differ?

    <p>The molar solubility must be adjusted according to the coefficients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationship can be inferred if a compound is classified as insoluble in water?

    <p>It has a very low value of Ksp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salts' dissociation expression corresponds to the Ksp: Ksp = [Ca][F]2?

    <p>CaF2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the Ksp value as the solubility of a compound increases?

    <p>Ksp value increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of molar solubility, what does the term 'molar solubility' specifically refer to?

    <p>The number of moles of solute that will dissolve in one liter of solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the notation M𝑝X𝑞 signify in a dissociation reaction?

    <p>The stoichiometry of the solid salt and its respective ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the solubility of insoluble ionic hydroxides as the pH increases?

    <p>Solubility decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes selective precipitation?

    <p>It separates ions by forming insoluble salts with different solubility products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lowering the pH affect the solubility of ionic compounds containing anions of weak acids?

    <p>Solubility increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fractional precipitation, what is essential for a reagent to be effective?

    <p>It must form an insoluble salt with cations of differing Ksp values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between pH and ion concentration in a solution containing ionic hydroxides?

    <p>A higher pH decreases the solubility leading to fewer Mn+ ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding H3O+ to a solution containing carbonate ions (CO32−)?

    <p>It increases the solubility of carbonate compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solubility Equilibria

    • All ionic compounds dissolve in water to some degree, but many have low solubility and are classified as insoluble.
    • The equilibrium constant Ksp can be used to determine the relative solubilities of salts in water.

    Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

    • Ksp is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound.
    • It represents the dissociation of a solid salt into its aqueous ions.
    • The solubility product expression is: Ksp = [Mm+]p [Xn−]q

    Molar Solubility (s)

    • Molar solubility is the number of moles of solute that will dissolve in a liter of solution.
    • It is related to Ksp and represents the molarity of the dissolved solute in a saturated solution.
    • Ksp values of compounds cannot always be compared, and the compounds must have the same dissociation stoichiometry.

    Example Calculations

    • Calculate the molar solubility of CaC2O4 given Ksp and residue mass.
    • Calculate the solubility product constant of PbI2 given experimental data.

    Solubility and the Common-Ion Effect

    • Addition of a soluble salt that contains one of the ions of the slightly soluble salt decreases the solubility of the slightly soluble salt.
    • This is because the added ion shifts the equilibrium to the left.

    Precipitation

    • Precipitation occurs when the concentrations of the ions exceed the solubility of the ionic compound.
    • Compare the ion product, Q, to Ksp to determine if precipitation will occur:
      • Q = Ksp: saturated solution, no precipitation.
      • Q < Ksp: unsaturated solution, no precipitation.
      • Q > Ksp: supersaturated solution, precipitation will occur.

    Fractional Precipitation

    • This technique is used to separate two or more ions from a solution by adding a reactant that precipitates first one ion, then another.
    • A successful reagent can precipitate with more than one cation if their Ksp values are significantly different.

    Effect of pH on Solubility

    • For insoluble ionic hydroxides, higher pH decreases solubility, and lower pH increases solubility.
    • For insoluble ionic compounds containing anions of weak acids, lower pH increases solubility.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Chapter 15: Equilibria PDF

    Description

    Understanding solubility of ionic compounds in water and the solubility product constant (Ksp) that determines their relative solubilities.

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser