Solubility Enhancement by Hydrotropic Agents

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the process called when water-miscible solvents are added to increase the solubility of weak electrolytes and non-polar molecules in water?

Complex formation

Solid state manipulation

Micelle solubilization

Cosolvency (correct)

What is the primary dependency for the solubilizing effect of cosolvency?

Concentration of the cosolvent

Surface tension of the solvent

Polarity of the drug (correct)

Amount of water in the mixture

What is the result of adding cosolvents to a predominantly aqueous solution and hydrophobic solutes?

Increase in contact angle

Increase in interfacial tension

Decrease in solubility

Decrease in interfacial tension (correct)

What is the purpose of cosolvents in parenteral or oral delivery of a drug?

To increase bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

What must cosolvents be, to be used in solubility enhancement?

Non-toxic and non-irritating Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a cosolvent mixture used to increase the solubility of diazepam?

Mixture of 10% ethanol and 40% propylene glycol Signup and view all the answers

How does the addition of cosolvents affect the solubility of non-polar drugs?

It increases the solubility by several orders of magnitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using cosolvents to increase the solubility of a drug?

An increase in bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding a large amount of a second solute to a solution?

Solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hydrotropic agents is used to enhance the solubility of iodine?

Potassium iodide Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of hydrotropy over other solubilization methods?

It has high selectivity and does not require emulsification Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which sodium benzoate derivatives enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs?

Complex formation or salting in Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum requirement for hydrotropic solubilization?

Mixing the drug with the hydrotrope in water Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of complexation in the context of solubilization?

The reversible association of a substrate and ligand to form a new species Signup and view all the answers

What is the example of solubilization by complexation in the text?

Solubilization of tetracycline and oxytetracycline by complexation with no. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is solubilized by sodium benzoate?

Chartreusin Signup and view all the answers

Which compound functions to increase water solubility by fitting poorly soluble drugs into its hydrophobic cavity?

Cyclodextrins Signup and view all the answers

What role does a surfactant molecule play in micellar solubilization?

It forms micelles around the water-insoluble compound bringing it into solution. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of micellar solubilization, what is the main structural feature of nonionic surfactant micelles?

An outer shell of polyethylene glycol moieties mixed with water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cyclodextrins in complexation?

They increase the water solubility by fitting drugs into their hydrophobic cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Which molecular feature allows phenols and benzoic acid to form complexes with polyethylene glycols?

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

How do inverted micelles formed by oil-soluble surfactants facilitate solubilization?

By encapsulating water-soluble compounds out of contact with the solvent. Signup and view all the answers

Which compounds are most commonly associated with forming molecular inclusion complexes?