Solubility and Solution Concentration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of reaction has two compounds for reactants and two compounds as products?

  • Single replacement
  • Synthesis
  • Double replacement (correct)
  • Decomposition

    • What type of reaction only has one product?

  • Single replacement
  • Decomposition
  • Synthesis (correct)
  • Double replacement

    • What number associated with compounds can you NEVER change?

  • Superscript
  • Exponent
  • Subscript (correct)
  • Coefficient

    • In the reaction Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2, is this reaction endothermic or exothermic?

    <p>Exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of reaction for the following equation: 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O

    <p>Synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar mass of CO2?

    <p>44 g/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling point of water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1x10^-9 M?

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the empirical formula of the compound that contains C, H, O, and N?

    <p>C3H7NO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percent yield if 32.3 g of lead (II) chloride is produced in the reaction?

    <p>88.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limiting reagent in the reaction of 15.3 g of NaCl with 60.8 g Pb(NO3)2?

    <p>NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of product that can be formed under perfect conditions called?

    <p>Theoretical yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a phase change that occurs when a substance goes directly from a solid to a gas?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

    <p>Evaporation only occurs on the surface of a liquid, while boiling occurs throughout the liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the triple point?

    <p>The temperature at which all three phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is viscosity?

    <p>The resistance of a liquid to flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Arrhenius definition, what is an acid?

    <p>A substance that donates H+ ions in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what is a base?

    <p>A substance that accepts H+ ions in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neutralization reaction?

    <p>An acid and a base react to form a salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of a 0.00432 M HCl solution?

    <p>2.36</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit of pressure is used in the ideal gas law when the R value is 0.0821?

    <p>atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect will doubling the volume at constant temperature have on the pressure of a fixed amount of gas?

    <p>The pressure will double</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State Dalton’s law of partial pressures in words.

    <p>The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of a gas when its pressure is 684 mmHg and the temperature is -10.0oC, given that the initial volume of the gas is 12.0 L, the initial pressure is 1.20 atm, and the initial temperature is 150.0oC?

    <p>9.47 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the molarity of the NaOH solution used in the titration?

    <p>0.0250 M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a buffer composed of?

    <p>A weak acid and its conjugate base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between a seashell and HCl?

    <p>CaCO3 + 2HCl -&gt; CaCl2 + H2O + CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

    <p>Ionic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for molarity?

    <p>M = moles of solute / volume of solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution?

    <p>Solvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the ideal gas law, what is the unit of pressure when the R value is 0.0821?

    <p>atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect will doubling the temperature and halving the volume have on the pressure of a fixed amount of gas?

    <p>The pressure will quadruple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strongest intermolecular force for the compound NH3?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that increases the rate of dissolution?

    <p>Agitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that increases the solubility of a solid in a liquid?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility of sodium nitrate in 850 mL of water at 80oC?

    <p>15.5 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a gas law?

    <p>Dalton's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the empirical formula of the compound that contains C, H, O, and N?

    <p>CxHyOzN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of temperature for any of the gas laws?

    <p>Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Arrhenius definition, what is an acid?

    <p>A substance that donates H+ ions in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neutralization reaction?

    <p>A reaction between an acid and a base to form water and a salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

    <p>A substance that donates H+ ions in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular formula of a compound with a molar mass of 60.06 g/mol and is composed of 40.0% C, 6.7% H, and 53.3% O?

    <p>C3H6O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percent composition of each element in C3H6O3?

    <p>%C 40, %H 6.7, %O 53.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between a seashell and HCl?

    <p>CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT a product formed when a seashell is placed in a solution of HCl?

    <p>CaCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molarity of the NaOH solution used in the titration?

    <p>0.0154 M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of the acid solution in the titration?

    <p>0.0422</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of the HCl solution used in the reaction?

    <p>20.0 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and NaOH?

    <p>H3PO4 + 3NaOH → Na3PO4 + 3H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molarity of the NaOH solution used in the reaction with phosphoric acid?

    <p>0.0154 M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molarity of the acid solution in the titration with NaOH?

    <p>0.0274 M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of the CO2 gas produced in the reaction with HCl?

    <p>919 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of CaCO3 consumed in the reaction with HCl?

    <p>5.901 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Chemical Reactions

    • A reaction with two compounds as reactants and two compounds as products is called a double replacement reaction.
    • A reaction with only one product is identified as a synthesis reaction.
    • The subscript, which indicates the number of atoms in a chemical formula, can never be changed.

    Energy in Chemical Reactions

    • The reaction Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 is classified as exothermic, releasing energy in the form of heat.
    • The reaction 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O is a combination reaction or synthesis reaction.

    Molar Mass and Physical Properties

    • The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol.
    • Hydrogen bonding, a strong type of dipole-dipole attraction, is responsible for the high boiling point of water.
    • The pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^-9 M is approximately 9.

    Empirical and Molecular Formulas

    • The empirical formula of a compound containing C, H, O, and N must be determined based on their simplest whole-number ratio.
    • The maximum amount of product that can be formed under ideal conditions is referred to as the theoretical yield.

    Reactions and Stoichiometry

    • If 32.3 g of lead (II) chloride is produced, the percent yield can be calculated by comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
    • To determine the limiting reagent in the reaction of 15.3 g of NaCl with 60.8 g Pb(NO3)2, stoichiometric calculations based on molar ratios are required.

    Phase Changes and Properties

    • A phase change from a solid directly to a gas is known as sublimation.
    • Evaporation occurs at any temperature, while boiling occurs at a specific boiling point.
    • The triple point is a unique set of conditions where a substance can exist in all three phases: solid, liquid, and gas.

    Acid-Base Chemistry

    • According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
    • A Bronsted-Lowry base is defined as a substance that accepts protons.
    • A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt.

    Solutions and Concentrations

    • The pH of a 0.00432 M HCl solution is approximately 2.37.
    • The unit of pressure used in the ideal gas law when the R value is 0.0821 is atm.
    • Doubling the volume at constant temperature will decrease the pressure of a fixed amount of gas, according to Boyle's law.

    Gas Laws and Properties

    • Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
    • To find the volume of a gas under varying conditions, use the combined gas law.

    Titrations and Molarity

    • Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, represented by the formula M = moles of solute / liters of solution.
    • A buffer is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

    Chemical Reactions and Products

    • The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between a seashell (calcium carbonate) and HCl is: CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O.

    Properties of Solutions

    • The strongest intermolecular force in the compound NH3 (ammonia) is hydrogen bonding.
    • Factors that increase the rate of dissolution include increased temperature and agitation.

    Miscellaneous Concepts

    • The solubility of sodium nitrate in 850 mL of water at 80°C can be determined by consulting solubility charts.
    • The unit of temperature for gas law calculations is typically Kelvin.

    Percent Composition

    • The percent composition of each element in a compound such as C3H6O3 can be calculated based on its molar mass and individual element contributions.

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    This quiz tests your knowledge on saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It also covers the concept of aqueous solutions and the calculation of molality. Test your understanding of solubility and solution concentration with this quiz!

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