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Questions and Answers
Which type of reaction has two compounds for reactants and two compounds as products?
What type of reaction only has one product?
What number associated with compounds can you NEVER change?
In the reaction Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2, is this reaction endothermic or exothermic?
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Identify the type of reaction for the following equation: 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O
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What is the molar mass of CO2?
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Which intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling point of water?
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What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1x10^-9 M?
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What is the empirical formula of the compound that contains C, H, O, and N?
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What is the percent yield if 32.3 g of lead (II) chloride is produced in the reaction?
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What is the limiting reagent in the reaction of 15.3 g of NaCl with 60.8 g Pb(NO3)2?
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What is the maximum amount of product that can be formed under perfect conditions called?
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Which of the following is a phase change that occurs when a substance goes directly from a solid to a gas?
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What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
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What is the triple point?
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What is viscosity?
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According to the Arrhenius definition, what is an acid?
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According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what is a base?
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What is a neutralization reaction?
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What is the pH of a 0.00432 M HCl solution?
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Which unit of pressure is used in the ideal gas law when the R value is 0.0821?
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What effect will doubling the volume at constant temperature have on the pressure of a fixed amount of gas?
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State Dalton’s law of partial pressures in words.
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What is the volume of a gas when its pressure is 684 mmHg and the temperature is -10.0oC, given that the initial volume of the gas is 12.0 L, the initial pressure is 1.20 atm, and the initial temperature is 150.0oC?
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Which of the following is the molarity of the NaOH solution used in the titration?
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What is a buffer composed of?
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What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between a seashell and HCl?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?
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What is the formula for molarity?
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What is the name of the process by which a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution?
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According to the ideal gas law, what is the unit of pressure when the R value is 0.0821?
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What effect will doubling the temperature and halving the volume have on the pressure of a fixed amount of gas?
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What is the strongest intermolecular force for the compound NH3?
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Which of the following is a factor that increases the rate of dissolution?
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Which of the following is a factor that increases the solubility of a solid in a liquid?
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What is the solubility of sodium nitrate in 850 mL of water at 80oC?
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Which of the following is NOT a gas law?
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What is the empirical formula of the compound that contains C, H, O, and N?
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What is the unit of temperature for any of the gas laws?
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According to the Arrhenius definition, what is an acid?
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What is a neutralization reaction?
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What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?
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What is the molecular formula of a compound with a molar mass of 60.06 g/mol and is composed of 40.0% C, 6.7% H, and 53.3% O?
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What is the percent composition of each element in C3H6O3?
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What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between a seashell and HCl?
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Which one of these is NOT a product formed when a seashell is placed in a solution of HCl?
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What is the molarity of the NaOH solution used in the titration?
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What is the pH of the acid solution in the titration?
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What is the volume of the HCl solution used in the reaction?
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What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and NaOH?
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What is the molarity of the NaOH solution used in the reaction with phosphoric acid?
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What is the molarity of the acid solution in the titration with NaOH?
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What is the volume of the CO2 gas produced in the reaction with HCl?
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What is the mass of CaCO3 consumed in the reaction with HCl?
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Study Notes
Types of Chemical Reactions
- A reaction with two compounds as reactants and two compounds as products is called a double replacement reaction.
- A reaction with only one product is identified as a synthesis reaction.
- The subscript, which indicates the number of atoms in a chemical formula, can never be changed.
Energy in Chemical Reactions
- The reaction Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 is classified as exothermic, releasing energy in the form of heat.
- The reaction 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O is a combination reaction or synthesis reaction.
Molar Mass and Physical Properties
- The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol.
- Hydrogen bonding, a strong type of dipole-dipole attraction, is responsible for the high boiling point of water.
- The pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^-9 M is approximately 9.
Empirical and Molecular Formulas
- The empirical formula of a compound containing C, H, O, and N must be determined based on their simplest whole-number ratio.
- The maximum amount of product that can be formed under ideal conditions is referred to as the theoretical yield.
Reactions and Stoichiometry
- If 32.3 g of lead (II) chloride is produced, the percent yield can be calculated by comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
- To determine the limiting reagent in the reaction of 15.3 g of NaCl with 60.8 g Pb(NO3)2, stoichiometric calculations based on molar ratios are required.
Phase Changes and Properties
- A phase change from a solid directly to a gas is known as sublimation.
- Evaporation occurs at any temperature, while boiling occurs at a specific boiling point.
- The triple point is a unique set of conditions where a substance can exist in all three phases: solid, liquid, and gas.
Acid-Base Chemistry
- According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
- A Bronsted-Lowry base is defined as a substance that accepts protons.
- A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt.
Solutions and Concentrations
- The pH of a 0.00432 M HCl solution is approximately 2.37.
- The unit of pressure used in the ideal gas law when the R value is 0.0821 is atm.
- Doubling the volume at constant temperature will decrease the pressure of a fixed amount of gas, according to Boyle's law.
Gas Laws and Properties
- Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
- To find the volume of a gas under varying conditions, use the combined gas law.
Titrations and Molarity
- Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, represented by the formula M = moles of solute / liters of solution.
- A buffer is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
Chemical Reactions and Products
- The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between a seashell (calcium carbonate) and HCl is: CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O.
Properties of Solutions
- The strongest intermolecular force in the compound NH3 (ammonia) is hydrogen bonding.
- Factors that increase the rate of dissolution include increased temperature and agitation.
Miscellaneous Concepts
- The solubility of sodium nitrate in 850 mL of water at 80°C can be determined by consulting solubility charts.
- The unit of temperature for gas law calculations is typically Kelvin.
Percent Composition
- The percent composition of each element in a compound such as C3H6O3 can be calculated based on its molar mass and individual element contributions.
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge on saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It also covers the concept of aqueous solutions and the calculation of molality. Test your understanding of solubility and solution concentration with this quiz!