Solid Waste Management in the Philippines Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary reasons for the Philippines' high plastic pollution in oceans?

  • High recycling rates
  • Sufficient capacity for plastic repurposing
  • Consistent waste collection practices
  • Low recycling rates (correct)

Which percentage represents the amount of collected plastics in the Philippines?

  • 50%
  • 25%
  • 9%
  • 33% (correct)

What is the main focus of the National Solid Waste Management Status Report from 2008-2019?

  • Implementation status and assessment of management practices (correct)
  • Solid waste generation rates
  • Public awareness campaigns
  • Recycling techniques

What type of establishments are included under the institutional source of municipal solid waste (MSW)?

<p>Schools and hospitals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of plastic packaging consumed by Filipinos typically ends up as waste?

<p>15.43 kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)?

<p>To receive, sort, process, and store recyclable materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of composting mentioned?

<p>Aerobic composting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method of composting involves the use of earthworms?

<p>Vermicomposting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are windrows primarily used for in composting?

<p>Aerobic decomposition of organic waste on a large scale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials can be processed at a Materials Recovery Facility?

<p>Glass, plastics, paper, and metals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the composting process primarily aim to achieve?

<p>Biological decomposition of organic waste for safe use in agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes in-vessel composting from other methods?

<p>It occurs within a closed, controlled environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of composting is considered one of the simplest methods for home use?

<p>Compost pits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carrying bag was found to have the least environmental impact in the Philippines?

<p>Non-woven polypropylene (PP) bags (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of environmental impact, which bags contribute more to flooding issues compared to plastic bags?

<p>Paper bags (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What program by SM Group, Ayala Malls, and Robinson’s Supermarket focuses on waste management?

<p>Eco-shopping bag program (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company enabled a significant reduction in trash through their initiative?

<p>Unilever Philippines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which project aimed at turning waste materials into useful resources was implemented by Nestlé Philippines?

<p>Waste to Resource (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Industrial Waste Exchange Program in the Philippines?

<p>To match waste generators with buyers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key partner of the EMB in environmental education?

<p>Philippine Business for the Environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiative allows waste generators in Region IV-A to bring recyclables to recyclers?

<p>Eco Index (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage reduction in organic waste is typically achieved through composting?

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which materials are often sold to junk dealers and recyclers?

<p>Paper, scrap metals, and plastics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is CO2 sequestration?

<p>The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes sanitary landfills?

<p>Waste disposal sites with engineering control over environmental impacts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RA 9003 prohibit regarding waste disposal?

<p>The establishment and operation of open dumps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of recycling in relation to resource conservation?

<p>To prolong the lifespan of limited resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about disposal sites is true?

<p>They can be designated as areas for dumping solid waste. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes open dumps from controlled dumps?

<p>Open dumps lack engineering measures and pollution control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the country's solid waste does Metro Manila contribute in 2020?

<p>26.7% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is categorized as a special waste?

<p>Household healthcare waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of waste avoidance and reduction?

<p>To reduce the amount of materials entering the waste stream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What waste management technique involves purchasing products that are environmentally friendly?

<p>Green procurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence waste generation rates?

<p>Political affiliation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental issue is caused by leachate from solid waste?

<p>It contaminates groundwater and surface waters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do insects and pests in open dumpsites have?

<p>They are disease vectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'residual waste' refer to?

<p>Combination of disposable waste and inert materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

RA9003

A Philippine law enacted in 2000 to establish a comprehensive and sustainable waste management program.

Waste Reduction

The practice of reducing the amount of waste produced by using less material, reusing items, and recycling.

Composting

The process of converting organic waste into a nutrient-rich fertilizer.

Materials Recovery Facilities (MRF)

Facilities designed to sort and process recyclable materials, separating them for reuse or further processing.

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Sanitary Landfill

Controlled disposal sites for solid waste, designed to minimize environmental impact and prevent groundwater contamination.

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Open Dump

A type of landfill that is not designed to safely contain waste, posing risks to the environment and human health.

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Leachate

The liquid that results from the decomposition of waste in a landfill, containing harmful pollutants.

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Waste Generation Rate

The amount of waste generated per unit of time, usually measured in kilograms per person per day.

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Waste Avoidance

A method of managing waste by reducing the amount of waste produced before it becomes waste.

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Waste Recycling

The process of treating waste in a way that allows it to be reused, such as collecting and processing recyclable materials.

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Waste Reuse

The practice of using materials more than once, often in different ways, to extend their lifespan.

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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Solid waste that is generated from residential households, businesses, institutions, and industries.

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Resource Recovery

The process of extracting recyclable materials from waste to recover their value and reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills.

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Recycled Content

The practice of using recycled materials in the production of new products.

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Industrial Waste Exchange Program

A program that connects waste generators with recyclers to facilitate the exchange of waste materials for resource recovery.

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Environmental Impact of Waste

The impact of waste on the environment, including pollution of air, water, and soil.

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Health Impact of Waste

The impact of waste on human health, including the spread of diseases and contamination of food and water.

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Solid Waste Collection

The process of collecting and transporting solid waste to a designated disposal site.

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Special Waste

A special type of waste that requires specific handling and disposal due to its potentially harmful nature.

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Integrated Waste Management

A process for managing waste that includes composting, recycling, and landfilling, while minimizing environmental impact.

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Source Separation

The process of removing waste materials before they are disposed of, such as extracting recyclables or composting organic waste.

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Resource Conservation

The process of using less resources, such as paper, energy, and water, to reduce the amount of waste generated.

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Waste Recycling

The process of converting waste materials into new products to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills.

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Green Procurement

A practice that involves buying goods made from recycled materials to support sustainable practices.

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Eco-Labeling

A practice that involves labelling products with information about their environmental impact and sustainability.

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Disposal Technologies

The use of technology and strategies to ensure the safe and effective disposal of waste.

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Hospital Waste Management

The process of collecting and treating waste materials generated from the healthcare sector, such as medical sharps and pharmaceuticals.

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Solid Waste Management System

A system of methods and strategies used to manage the flow of solid waste from generation to disposal.

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Waste Sorting

The process of separating waste materials into different categories, such as recyclables, compostables, and trash.

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Study Notes

Overview of RA9003

  • RA9003 is the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, aimed at establishing a sustainable waste management program in the Philippines.
  • It addresses the need for institutional mechanisms, incentives, and prohibits certain harmful practices, while outlining penalties and appropriating necessary funds.

Current Challenges in Solid Waste Management

  • Solid waste management in the Philippines remains a significant concern, driven by low recycling rates and inconsistent waste collection practices.
  • Filipinos produced around 20 kg of plastic packaging per person annually, with 15.43 kg ending up as waste.
  • The country struggles with recycling capacities, repurposing only 9% of plastics and collecting 33% effectively.

Composition and Sources of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

  • Understanding waste composition, sources, generation rates, and projections is essential for effective waste management.
  • Waste is sourced from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sectors, with schools and hospitals classified as institutional sources.
  • Special wastes include household healthcare waste, waste electronics, and hazardous materials.

Waste Generation and Projections

  • Solid waste generation is influenced by factors like geography, climate, and economic standards.
  • Increases in waste generation from 2010 to 2020 were notable, expecting a rise from 13.48 million tons to 18.05 million tons, with Metro Manila's contribution escalating significantly.

Environmental and Health Impacts

  • Leachate from waste can contaminate water sources, while open dumps attract disease vectors and methane emissions contribute to global warming.
  • Marine litter poses threats to ecosystems, aesthetics, and aquatic life, while mismanaged waste can lead to flooding and infrastructure damage.

Ecological Solid Waste Management and Implementation of RA 9003

  • The focus is on waste avoidance and reduction to minimize materials entering waste streams through recycling and reuse strategies.
  • Techniques for waste reduction include green procurement and eco-labeling, promoting the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle).

Industry Initiatives

  • Major corporations like Unilever, Nestlé, and Coca-Cola are implementing sustainability projects, such as composting and recycling programs.
  • The Industrial Waste Exchange Program facilitates connections between waste generators and recyclers, enhancing resource recovery.

Materials Recovery Facilities (MRF)

  • MRFs are established to process recyclables efficiently, sorting materials like paper and plastics, with residual waste directed to sanitary landfills.
  • Composting methods, including traditional compost pits and advanced vermicomposting, significantly reduce organic waste.

Recycling and Resource Conservation

  • Recycling supports climate change mitigation and resource conservation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preserving natural resources.
  • Effective disposal strategies are critical, as RA 9003 prohibits open dumps and promotes sanitary landfills designed to minimize environmental impact.

Disposal Strategies

  • Disposal involves the safe management of solid waste, with sanitary landfills constructed to prevent leakage and protect groundwater.
  • Open dumps were phased out by 2006, emphasizing controlled disposal methods to safeguard public health and the environment.

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