Solid State Chemistry

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Which of the following best describes the role of RNA in biological processes?

Storing genetic information for long-term use.
Participating in the synthesis of proteins based on genetic code. (correct)
Catalyzing metabolic reactions within the cell.
Acting as the primary structural component of cell membranes.

Consider a newly developed plastic material that degrades rapidly in soil due to bacterial action. Which classification does this material MOST likely belong to?

Biodegradable polymer (correct)
Addition polymer
Synthetic polymer
Condensation polymer

A patient is experiencing frequent heartburn and seeks over-the-counter relief. Which type of drug would be MOST appropriate for immediate symptomatic treatment?

An analgesic to alleviate associated pain.
An antacid to neutralize stomach acid. (correct)
An antibiotic to combat potential bacterial infection
An antihistamine to reduce inflammation.

Which characteristic distinguishes condensation polymers from addition polymers?

Condensation polymers involve the elimination of a small molecule during formation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A cleaning product is marketed as being effective in hard water, leaving no residue. Which type of detergent is MOST likely the active ingredient in this product?

A non-ionic detergent as it is less affected by water hardness. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes crystalline solids from amorphous solids?

Crystalline solids have a sharp melting point, whereas amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A metallic crystal is subjected to increasing temperature. How does this affect its electrical conductivity?

The electrical conductivity decreases due to increased scattering of electrons by vibrating metal ions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of magnetic behavior is characterized by a strong attraction to a magnetic field and is retained even after the field is removed?

Ferromagnetism (C) Signup and view all the answers

A scientist dissolves 58.5 grams of NaCl (table salt) in 1 liter of water. What term describes the NaCl in this scenario?

Solute (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Henry's Law, what happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid as the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid increases?

The solubility increases linearly. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, which colligative property is affected, and how?

Boiling point is elevated. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the van't Hoff factor (i) in the context of colligative properties?

It accounts for the dissociation or association of solute particles in solution. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In an electrolytic cell, what is the role of electrical energy?

To drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a galvanic cell, what process occurs at the cathode?

Reduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Nernst equation, how does increasing the concentration of reactants generally affect the electrode potential?

Increases the electrode potential. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What thermodynamic quantity is directly related to the cell potential (E) of a galvanic cell?

Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT typically affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Color of reactants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the rate constant (k) in a rate law?

It relates the rate of reaction to the concentrations of reactants. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Arrhenius equation, how does increasing the temperature generally affect the rate constant (k)?

Increases the rate constant. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of chemisorption but NOT physisorption?

Involves the formation of chemical bonds. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in surface area generally affect the rate of adsorption?

Increases the rate of adsorption. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of colloids, what is responsible for the Tyndall effect?

Scattering of light by colloidal particles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is commonly used for the concentration of sulfide ores?

Froth flotation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary chemical principle involved in the electrolytic refining of metals?

Electrolysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which property is characteristic of transition metals due to the presence of unpaired electrons?

Paramagnetism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligands in coordination compounds?

To donate electron pairs to the central metal atom. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is known to exhibit allotropy?

Sulfur (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are noble gases generally chemically inert?

They have stable electronic configurations. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ligands is most likely to form a stable coordination complex with a metal ion, assuming all other factors are constant?

A polydentate ligand with a strong field strength. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A coordination compound is formulated as $CrCl_3 \cdot 6H_2O$. Conductivity measurements indicate that one mole of this compound in solution produces three moles of ions. What is the correct IUPAC name for this compound?

Hexaaquachromium(III) chloride (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the spectrochemical series is correct?

It arranges ligands in order of their ability to cause d-orbital splitting. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is most suitable for preparing bromoethane ($CH_3CH_2Br$)?

Reacting ethanol with concentrated hydrobromic acid. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these haloarenes would undergo nucleophilic aromatic substitution ($S_NAr$) most readily?

p-Nitrobromobenzene (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the listed properties correctly describes the trend in boiling points for the given series of haloalkanes?

The boiling point increases with increasing halogen size ($CH_3Cl < CH_3Br < CH_3I$). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which reagent would best accomplish the conversion of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene?

Dilute sulfuric acid, heat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product formed when phenol reacts with bromine water?

2,4,6-Tribromophenol (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between ethanol and phenol?

Bromine water ($Br_2/H_2O$) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions would yield a ketone as the major product?

Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene with propanoyl chloride ($CH_3CH_2COCl$) and $AlCl_3$. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the aldol condensation reaction between two molecules of acetaldehyde ($CH_3CHO$) in the presence of a dilute base?

3-Hydroxybutanal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these carboxylic acids is the strongest?

Chloroacetic acid ($ClCH_2COOH$) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is best suited for the preparation of a primary amine?

Reaction of an alkyl halide with excess ammonia. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when an amine reacts with an acid chloride?

Acylation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the listed disaccharides is composed of two glucose units?

Maltose (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are polymers?

Large molecules formed from repeating units called monomers.

What is addition polymerization?

A type of polymerization where monomers add to each other to form a polymer chain.