Solid Dosage Forms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'parenteral' specifically refer to in the context of drug administration?

Oral routes of administration

Topical application for skin treatment

Injectable routes of administration (correct)

Non-invasive drug delivery systems

Which scenario best exemplifies when parenteral administration is preferable?

When a patient can tolerate oral medication

When the drug has a high oral bioavailability

When a rapid drug action is desired during an emergency (correct)

When the patient has a mild condition

Which type of drug delivery system is commonly used for administering drugs to the eye?

Sublingual sprays

Solutions and suspensions applied topically (correct)

Inhalation aerosols

Oral tablets

Why are formulations like gels often utilized in ophthalmic drug delivery?

To extend corneal contact time and enhance absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical volume of tear fluid retained in the cul-de-sac of the human eye?

7 - 8 μL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aerosol drug delivery for respiratory functions?

Causes significant drug degradation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of inhalation as a route for drug delivery?

Rapid absorption into blood circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about pyrogens is correct?

They induce fever due to microbial contamination. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes granules from powders?

Granules consist of larger, irregularly shaped agglomerates. Signup and view all the answers

What type of shell is commonly used for capsules?

Gelatin shell Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of effervescent granules?

They produce a numbness sensation on taste buds. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes tablets?

They can vary in size and properties based on their intended use. Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in the preparation of granules using the wet method?

The desired powder is moistened before agglomeration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding sterile dosage forms?

They must be sterilized before administration. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of the composition of a good effervescent blend?

It consists of a 1:2 ratio of citric acid and tartaric acid. Signup and view all the answers

How can the physical state of a 'powder' be described?

It represents a single chemical or drug in dry form. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solid Dosage Forms

Powders (pulvis) are mixtures of finely divided drugs or chemicals in a dry form.
They can be used internally or externally.
"Powders" is a dosage form.
"Powder" describes the physical state of a single chemical or drug.
Powders may contain: small amounts of liquids dispersed over the solid components, or only solid materials.

Granules

Granules are irregularly shaped agglomerates of smaller particles that behave like single larger particles.
Granules can be prepared by various methods.
The wet method involves: moistening the desired powder or powder mixture, passing the moistened mass through a mesh screen to produce granules of the desired size, drying the granules (by air or heat, considering drug sensitivity to heat), and occasionally moving them on drying trays to prevent sticking.

Effervescent Granules

Special granules used to mask bitter or salty tastes in selected drugs.
They create a numbing sensation on taste buds.
Made of mixtures, often citric acid, tartaric acid combined with sodium bicarbonate.
A good blend typically uses a 1:2 ratio of citric and tartaric acid.

Capsules

Solid dosage forms enclosing one or more medicinal substances within a shell.
Usually prepared from gelatin.
Gelatin shells can be hard or soft.

Tablets

Solid dosage forms of medicinal substances, often made with pharmaceutical additives.
Vary in size, shape, weight, hardness, and thickness, depending on intended use and manufacturing methods.
Most tablets are for oral administration.
Other tablets (e.g., sublingual, buccal, vaginal) may not use the same additives or properties as oral tablets.

Parenteral Preparations (Sterile Dosage Forms)

Sterile, pyrogen-free preparations administered "parenterally" (outside the intestine; other than oral).
Injectable routes of administration.
"Parenteral" comes from Greek words "para" and "enteron," meaning "outside the intestine."
"Pyrogens" are fever-producing organic substances from microbial contamination.
Common applications include emergency situations needing rapid drug action, when patients can't tolerate other routes, or when other routes are ineffective.
Insulin injections are often self-administered by diabetic patients.

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery

Drug delivery systems (solutions, suspensions, gels, ointments, inserts) applied topically to the eye.
Normal tear volume is approximately 7-8 µL retained in the eye's cul-de-sac.
A single ophthalmic drop (around 50 µL) is typically used, but much of the drop is lost.
Excessive liquid delivery will drain rapidly.
Recently developed micro-liter droppers allow for precise 5-10 µL dosing.
Ophthalmic gel formulations may extend corneal contact time, reduce dosing frequency, and improve drug absorption. (due to the dynamic lacrimal system)

Inhalations

Aerosol drug delivery is used to treat local respiratory conditions (such as asthma, pneumonia).
This delivery method enhances the systemic absorption of drugs with relatively low bioavailability.
Minimizes drug loss.
Targeted delivery systems avoid toxic effects from systemic administration.

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Description

Test your knowledge on solid dosage forms including powders, granules, and effervescent granules. This quiz covers definitions, preparation methods, and applications of these dosage forms. Assess your understanding and deepen your pharmaceutical knowledge!