Solar System and Sun Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere?

  • Increased Rainfall (correct)
  • Climate Change
  • Ocean Acidification
  • Global Warming

A monoculture is an agricultural system that involves cultivating a single crop species in large areas.

True (A)

What is the primary process used by consumers to release energy from the food they eat?

Cellular Respiration

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy is called ______.

<p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following human activities with their impact on the water cycle:

<p>Irrigation = Changes the location of water evaporation and rainfall patterns. Hydroelectricity = Changes the flow and volume of rivers, affecting water levels and ecosystems. Deforestation = Reduces transpiration, leading to lower water levels in the atmosphere. Fossil Fuel Burning = Increases Earth's temperature, leading to more evaporation and melting of ice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agroecosystems differ from natural ecosystems in which of the following ways?

<p>They have more uniform abiotic features. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Species diversity is a measure of the number of different species in a given area.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary processes involved in the cycling of nitrogen in ecosystems?

<p>Nitrogen fixation and denitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of ______ involves the gradual replacement of one type of ecological community with another.

<p>succession</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor in the process of eutrophication?

<p>Excess nutrients, like nitrates and phosphates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following planets are considered terrestrial planets?

<p>Mercury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All outer planets in our solar system are considered gas giants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Big Bang theory?

<p>The Big Bang theory is the prevailing explanation for the origin of the universe, stating that it began in a giant explosion almost 14 billion years ago, leading to the formation of energy and matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three spheres of the Earth are the ___, ___, and ___ spheres.

<p>lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following solar phenomena with their descriptions:

<p>Solar prominence = Streams of glowing gas that arch into space Solar flare = Streams of high-energy subatomic particles into space Sunspot = Cooler areas on the Sun's surface Corona = Outer atmosphere of the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary uses of artificial satellites?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are processes that produce energy in living organisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carbon footprint?

<p>A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly and indirectly by human activities, usually measured in equivalent tons of CO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the Big Bang Theory?

The theory explaining the universe's origin, stating it started with a giant explosion about 14 billion years ago, leading to the formation of energy, matter, stars, and galaxies.

What are the inner planets?

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are rocky and have either no moons or very few.

What is the photosphere?

The Sun's outer layer, visible from Earth, emitting light and heat.

What are the Gas Giants?

Jupiter and Saturn, characterized by their massive size and gaseous composition.

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What is photosynthesis?

The process where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food (glucose) and oxygen.

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What are the Ice Giants?

Uranus and Neptune, distinguished by their icy compositions and smaller size compared to Gas Giants.

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What is a carbon footprint?

The total amount of greenhouse gases released by a person, organization, or product.

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What is the biogeochemical cycle?

The cycling of water, carbon, and nitrogen between living organisms and the non-living environment.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life in a particular ecosystem.

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Species Richness

The number of species in an area.

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Monoculture

Cultivation of a single crop in an area, leading to lower biodiversity.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (sugar), releasing oxygen.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which organisms release stored chemical energy from food, producing carbon dioxide and water.

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Eutrophication

The process by which excess nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus) enter a body of water, leading to excessive plant growth, oxygen depletion, and harm to aquatic life.

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Carbon footprint

The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or activity.

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Ecosystem Sustainability

The ability of an ecosystem to sustain itself over time.

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Primary Succession

The gradual process of change in an ecosystem over time, starting with a barren environment.

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Secondary Succession

The gradual process of change in an ecosystem over time, following a disturbance that leaves soil intact.

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Study Notes

Solar System

  • Our solar system includes eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
  • Terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars (rocky surfaces, few or no moons).
  • Gas giants: Jupiter and Saturn (large, numerous moons, rings).
  • Ice giants: Uranus and Neptune (large, numerous moons, rings).

Sun

  • Core: The central region of the Sun.
  • Radiative zone: Layer surrounding the core, energy radiates outward.
  • Convection zone: Layer around the radiative zone; heat is transported by convection.
  • Photosphere: The visible surface of the Sun.
  • Chromosphere: The layer above the photosphere.
  • Corona: The outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere.
  • Sunspot: Cooler, darker areas on the Sun's surface.
  • Solar flare: Sudden bursts of energy from the Sun, streams of high-energy particles.
  • Solar prominence: Streams of glowing gas that arch into space and return to the Sun.

Big Bang Theory

  • The prevailing theory for the universe's origin.
  • The universe began with a giant explosion about 14 billion years ago.
  • Energy cooled to form matter.
  • First stars then galaxies formed.

Artificial Satellites (Space Probes)

  • Used for understanding the Solar System, forecasting weather, navigation (GPS).
  • Robotic spacecraft with instruments for close-up observation.

Sustainability

  • Humans significantly influence ecosystem sustainability.
  • Human activities can change biotic and abiotic factors making an ecosystem unsustainable.
  • Biodiversity = variety of life in an ecosystem
    • Species richness = number of species present
    • Higher diversity leads to greater stability.

Photosynthesis

  • Producers (autotrophs) make their own food via photosynthesis.
  • Plants use chlorophyll (a green pigment) to capture light energy.
  • Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy (sugar).
  • Equation: Carbon dioxide + water + light energy → sugar + oxygen
  • Chloroplasts are the organelles involved.

Cellular Respiration

  • Consumers (heterotrophs) release stored energy from food via cellular respiration.
  • Equation: Sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
  • Mitochondria are the organelles involved.

Carbon Footprint

  • The total greenhouse gases emitted from a person's actions.
  • Increased CO2 causes:
    • Global warming: Rising average temps, extreme weather.
    • Climate change: Altered weather patterns.
    • Ocean acidification: Absorbed CO2 makes oceans more acidic, harming sea life.
    • Sea-level rise: Melting ice leading to rising sea levels, coastal erosion

Water Cycle

  • Evaporation: Liquid water turns to water vapor.
  • Condensation: Water vapor turns to liquid water or ice crystals.
  • Precipitation: Water falls to Earth as rain, hail, or snow.
  • Runoff: Water flows over land.
  • Accumulation: Water gathers in lakes, oceans, or the ground.
  • Transpiration: Water released from plant leaves.

Water Cycle and Human Impact

  • Irrigation: Water taken from natural sources impacting local evaporation and precipitation patterns.
  • Hydroelectricity: Dams alter river flow, impacting water levels and ecosystems.
  • Deforestation: Reduced transpiration, potentially lower atmospheric moisture.
  • Fossil fuels: Increased temperature, more evaporation, ice melt.

Eutrophication

  • Excess nutrients (fertilizers, sewage) cause algal blooms which deplete oxygen in water bodies, harming aquatic life.

Primary and Secondary Succession

  • Primary succession: Establishment of life on previously barren land (e.g., volcanic rock).
  • Secondary succession: Re-establishment of life in an area where soil is present (e.g., after a forest fire).

Agroecosystems

  • Compared to natural ecosystems, agroecosystems generally feature lower biodiversity, and more uniform abiotic conditions.
  • Monoculture agriculture (single crop) decreases biodiversity further.

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