35 Questions
What are inter-module cables used for in a solar energy system?
Connect one solar panel to another
What is the purpose of output cables in a solar PV system?
Connect the solar PV system to the electric junction box
How does a grid-tie inverter (GTI) function in a solar energy system?
Converts DC electricity into AC electricity and feeds it into the electrical grid
What is the purpose of connecting all the batteries in a battery bank with large high-quality cables?
To allow the full current to the loads and the full charging current to flow through the battery bank
How are output cables different from inter-module cables in a solar energy system?
Output cables connect the solar PV system to the electric junction box, while inter-module cables connect solar panels to each other
What is the relationship between voltage and current according to Ohm's Law?
Inverse
How does the resistance of a wire change with its length?
Directly proportional
In a solar energy system, why is it advisable to buy panels in even numbers?
Convenience in wiring pairs in series
How does the resistance of a wire change with its cross-sectional area?
Inversely proportional
What is the recommended total length for the cables connected to solar panels with a 1.5mm2 cross-sectional area?
20 meters
What type of connectors are commonly used in today's PV modules, which are good for 30 Amps?
MC (Multi-Contact) connectors
Where do the positive and negative leads from the solar cell string terminate?
In a junction box
What is the purpose of a combiner box in a solar PV system?
To connect wires from the PV array and distribute power to charge controllers or inverters
What is the goal of connecting batteries in a solar energy system?
To store excess energy for later use
What type of connectors are commonly used to connect solar panels to each other or to extend wires to another junction box?
MC4 connectors
What is the formula to calculate voltage drop using Ohm's law?
V = I x R
If a cable has a resistance of 0.24 ohms and a current of 20 amps flows through it, what is the voltage drop?
4.8 volts
Why is a 20% voltage drop in a 24-volt system considered unacceptable?
It exceeds the typical acceptable voltage drop target.
What is the purpose of the diagrams showing solar energy systems wiring configurations?
To provide a general idea of typical system wiring.
What causes voltage drop in cables for solar energy systems?
It is caused by the current flowing through the cables and the resistance of the cables.
What type of wire sizes are essential to connect the components of a Solar Energy System?
Correct wire sizes
When connecting the Charge Controller output to the batteries, should you use the same size wire as the Solar Panel wires?
Yes
What type of wires are required for connecting the Power Inverter in a Solar Energy System?
The largest wires in the system
Why should the wires connecting the Power Inverter to the batteries not exceed 6 feet in length?
To prevent overheating and energy loss
What is the power requirement for an AC appliance drawing 10 amps at 12 volts DC?
100 amps
What should you do before starting to test a solar system using a multimeter?
Find the voltage (V) and current (A) ratings of your panel and check sunlight conditions.
Why is it necessary to have full, bright sunlight falling directly onto the panel when testing a solar system?
To obtain the rated output of the panel.
What precaution should be taken when testing a charge controller for a solar system?
Make sure the battery is NOT fully charged.
What is the recommended sequence for disconnecting the solar panel, regulator, and battery during testing?
Disconnect the panel from the regulator first, then disconnect the regulator from the battery.
Why is it important to observe polarities when connecting solar panels and batteries?
To avoid causing damage or short circuits.
How can you test a solar system without a controller if you suspect the controller is faulty?
Measure the operating current by connecting the +ve from the multimeter to the positive cable from the panel, and the -ve from the meter to the positive battery terminal.
What could be the reason for a low reading when measuring current without the controller connected?
If the battery is full, it may not be accepting current which can result in a low reading.
What components fall under the balance of system (BOS) in a photovoltaic system?
The balance of system includes wiring, switches, support racks, an inverter, and batteries in the case of off-grid systems.
What is the purpose of checking the condition of fuses in the power path of a solar system?
To ensure that the fuses are intact and not blown, which can affect the system's performance.
Why is it important to verify that the system wiring is correct and intact in a solar energy system?
Incorrect or damaged wiring can lead to inefficiencies or safety hazards in the system.
Test your knowledge on re-connecting a solar panel to a battery without a controller and measuring operating current. Learn how to troubleshoot faulty controllers and understand battery acceptance of current.
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