Solar Energy and Its Effects on Earth

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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of the greenhouse effect?

  • Energy from the sun traveling through space
  • Radiation of energy back off the Earth and trapped by greenhouse gases (correct)
  • Using less fossil fuels
  • Absorption of energy by the Earth warming it directly

How does excess greenhouse gas affect the Earth?

  • Causes global cooling
  • Leads to climate stability
  • Enhances the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming (correct)
  • Reduces the greenhouse effect

What can help reduce the greenhouse effect?

  • Using less fossil fuels and more renewable resources like wind and solar power (correct)
  • Increasing greenhouse gas emissions
  • Cutting down forests
  • Using more fossil fuels

What causes different seasons on Earth?

<p>Tilt of Earth on its axis and its orbit around the sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the first day of summer or winter?

<p>Solstice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a way in which solar energy affects the Earth?

<p>Causing air pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the northern and southern hemispheres experience seasons?

<p>They have opposite seasons due to Earth's tilt on its axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to day lengths during summer and winter in each hemisphere?

<p>Day lengths increase in summer and decrease in winter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the movement of air from high to low pressure areas?

<p>Wind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of heat transfer involves the movement of fluids like water in a pan?

<p>Convection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials are conductors?

<p>Materials that transfer heat quickly and easily, such as most metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is light converted into on Earth?

<p>Thermal energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who studies the long-term, average weather and atmospheric conditions in a specific area?

<p>Climatologists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes air to naturally move from high-pressure to low-pressure systems?

<p>Expansion of air when heated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of heat transfer does not require a medium to move through?

<p>Radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the water cycle, wind, and ocean currents?

<p>Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for dictating the speed and direction of air?

<p>The Coriolis Effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the collision of molecules and weight of air pressing on its surroundings?

<p>Air pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does warm air rise up the windward side of a mountain cool down?

<p>Expansion of air leading to fewer collisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes clouds to form?

<p>Rising warm, moist air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atmospheric circulation cell is located at each pole?

<p>Polar Cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for evenly distributing heat and weather throughout the globe?

<p>Atmospheric circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when clouds grow tall enough?

<p>They create a thunderstorm cloud (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What boundary experiences little atmospheric circulation and results in a hot and dry climate?

<p>'Horse latitudes' boundary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary between the two Hadley cells called?

<p>Doldrums (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates an area of low pressure in the atmosphere?

<p>Cool air rising (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cumulus cloud characterized by?

<p>White puffy appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of front is represented with red lines and red half circles on a weather map?

<p>Warm front (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the formation of clouds through orographic lifting?

<p>Landforms like mountains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of air mass forms in the coolest conditions?

<p>Continental arctic (cA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collision point of different air masses known as?

<p>Frontal boundary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to the formation of clouds when warm, humid air rises?

<p><strong>$H_2O$</strong> condensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of organismal ecology?

<p>Analyzing how traits of organisms contribute to their life history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ecology level investigates all types of organisms within a defined area?

<p>Community ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of producers in an ecosystem food web?

<p>Creating their own food through photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the transfer of energy through trophic levels in ecosystems show?

<p>10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common adaptation for both predators and prey to avoid predation?

<p>Using chemicals as a defense mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are secondary, tertiary, and quaternary consumers in an ecosystem?

<p>'Top' consumers that feed on other consumers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do predators and prey engage in coevolution?

<p>'Predator-prey' interactions leading to adaptation in both species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the movement of air from high to low pressure areas?

<p>Convection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of heat transfer does not require a medium to move through?

<p>Radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the water cycle, wind, and ocean currents?

<p>Sun's light energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atmospheric circulation cell is located at each pole?

<p>Polar Cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adaptation for both predators and prey to avoid predation?

<p>Mimicry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for evenly distributing heat and weather throughout the globe?

<p>Earth's rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the first day of summer or winter?

<p>Summer Solstice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for dictating the speed and direction of air?

<p>Differences in temperature and pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is solar energy related to the greenhouse effect?

<p>Solar energy warms the Earth, leading to the greenhouse effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the sun in relation to wind?

<p>The sun provides the necessary energy for wind to occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does excess greenhouse gas have on the Earth?

<p>It enhances the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do different hemispheres experience seasons?

<p>The hemispheres experience opposite seasons due to Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marks the transition to summer or winter in each hemisphere?

<p>Solstice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the impact of the greenhouse effect be mitigated?

<p>Utilizing more renewable resources like wind and solar power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of greenhouse gases in relation to solar energy?

<p>Greenhouse gases trap some of the solar energy warming the Earth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do different parts of Earth receive varying amounts of sunlight?

<p>As a result of Earth's tilt on its axis and its orbit around the sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the air to cool as it expands?

<p>Increased collisions between particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does warming air influence air pressure?

<p>Increases collisions between molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the leeward side of a mountain tend to be dry?

<p>Most moisture is left on the windward side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism leads to adiabatic temperature changes in a parcel of air?

<p>Expansion or compression without heat exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atmospheric circulation cell experiences little atmospheric circulation and creates hot, dry climates?

<p>Horse Latitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of atmospheric circulation around Earth?

<p>Distribution of heat and weather globally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the prevailing winds in the Polar Cell directed towards?

<p>Poles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for dictating the speed and direction of air movement?

<p>'Pressure gradient force' and 'Coriolis Effect' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of organismal ecology?

<p>The traits of organisms and how they contribute to a species' life history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do secondary, tertiary, and quaternary consumers in an ecosystem primarily feed on?

<p>Primary consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the process of using body shape and coloration to blend in with the environment?

<p>Camouflage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary selective force for prey organisms?

<p>Predation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of ecology investigates all types of organisms within a defined area?

<p>Community ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do herbivores primarily feed on?

<p>Producers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does coevolution occur as a result of?

<p>Predator-prey interactions where each species is adapting to surpass the other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Producers' in an ecosystem are generally found at which trophic level?

<p>First trophic level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of severe weather like thunderstorms, heavy rain, or tornadoes?

<p>Collision of air masses with similar temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cloud is associated with a thunderstorm or snow depending on the temperature?

<p>Cumulus cloud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do jet streams play in the movement of air masses?

<p>Jet streams move air masses from west to east (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of front that results in both warm front and cold front type weather on either side of it?

<p>Occluded front (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to the formation of clouds due to the moisture in the air condensing as its altitude increases?

<p>Convectional lifting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary called where two different air masses interact?

<p>Frontal boundary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the water cycle, wind, and ocean currents?

<p>Sunlight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Ecology is the study of life and usually focuses on natural systems' What do ecologists study primarily?

<p>'Organisms and their interactions with each other' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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