Soil Science Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which component of soil is formed from decomposed plant and animal material?

Silica
Humus (correct)
Clay
Sand

Transported soils are formed in their original position by weathering of parent rocks.

False (B)

What are the three essential nutrients commonly found in fertile soil?

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

_____ is a major component of sand.

<p>Silica</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of soil to their characteristics:

<p>Sedentary (Residual) Soil = Formed from weathering of parent rocks in their original location Transported Soil = Formed from sediments moved by agents like water or wind Alluvial Soil = Transported soil found near riverbanks and floodplains Black Soil = A type of sedentary soil known for high moisture retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Soil

A thin layer of Earth's surface composed of rock particles, organic material, and decayed plant and animal material.

Soil Components

Humus: Decomposed plant and animal remains.
Silica: A major component of sand.
Clay: Small mineral particles
Sand: Larger mineral particles

Soil Fertility

The ability of the soil to sustain life.
Determined by:
- Water Retention Capacity: How well a soil can hold water.
- Presence of Essential Nutrients: Includes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
- Organic Matter: Improves water retention and nutrient availability.

Soil Classification

Sedentary (Residual) Soil: Formed in place from the weathering of parent rocks.
- Examples are black soil, laterite, and red soil.
Transported Soil: Formed from sediments moved by forces like water, wind, or ice.
- Examples include alluvial soils.
- Composed of transported sediments.