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Soil Physical Properties Overview
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Soil Physical Properties Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which soil properties can change rapidly under natural conditions?

  • Biological properties
  • Dynamic properties (correct)
  • Static properties
  • Chemical properties

    • Which of the following is not considered a soil physical property?

  • Soil pH (correct)
  • Soil structure
  • Soil porosity
  • Soil color

    • What is used as an index to assess soil compaction?

  • Porosity
  • Bulk density (correct)
  • Soil texture
  • Moisture content

    • The statement, 'the finer the particle, the higher its specific surface area,' is:

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does high porosity in soil imply?

    <p>It can hold a significant amount of air and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At field capacity, water is held in soil at which tension?

    <p>0.3 bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does high hydraulic conductivity in soil indicate?

    <p>Water moves quickly through the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is primarily impacted by soil management practices?

    <p>Soil porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the expression of water content where all pores are filled with water refer to?

    <p>Saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the addition of organic matter enhance aggregate stability in soil?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the entry of water through the soil surface?

    <p>Infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil physical property is measured by the size and arrangement of solid particles?

    <p>Soil texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the relationship between soil physical properties and other soil properties?

    <p>Soil management practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a commonly measured soil physical property?

    <p>Soil species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil physical property is associated with the ability of soil to hold water?

    <p>Soil texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does soil compaction have on plant growth?

    <p>Limits root penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are static soil physical properties characterized by?

    <p>Properties that do not change on short time scales without significant force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors has the least direct impact on soil color?

    <p>Soil temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil color relate to drainage?

    <p>Poorly drained soils are often gray in color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about dark-colored soils is accurate?

    <p>They generally indicate high organic matter content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic soil physical properties can be best defined as properties that:

    <p>Are readily changed under natural conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding soil color and land use hazards is true?

    <p>Soil color can help predict land use hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is a prominent indicator of soil characteristics?

    <p>Soil color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a deep red color in soil typically indicate?

    <p>Presence of iron oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does soil drainage primarily refer to?

    <p>The length and duration of saturation in the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil drainage class indicates the absence of gray colors within the top 100 cm?

    <p>Well-drained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do mottles indicate about soil conditions?

    <p>Soil has experienced both wetting and drying conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Munsell Color System, what does 'Value' refer to?

    <p>The brightness or darkness of the soil color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the hue represented in the color notation '10YR 5/2'?

    <p>10YR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drainage class shows gray colors within 25 cm from the surface and includes an O horizon?

    <p>Very Poorly drained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of soil does the 'Chroma' parameter in the Munsell Color System measure?

    <p>The color purity or intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color parameters are included in the Munsell Color System?

    <p>Hue, Value, Chroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chroma value indicates that a soil is considered gray?

    <p>Chroma of 2 or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color indicates the likely presence of organic matter in soil?

    <p>Dark brown or black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high chroma value in soil indicate?

    <p>Well-drained soil with oxidizing conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following soil separates represents a particle size of 0.02 - 0.002 mm?

    <p>Silt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect soil texture?

    <p>Proportion of sand, silt, and clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective diameter range for sand particles?

    <p>2.0 - 0.02 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following chroma values suggests red Fe-oxide coatings have been removed?

    <p>Chroma of 2 or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to soil color value as organic matter content increases?

    <p>Soil color value decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Soil Physical Properties: Types, Definition and Determination

    • Soil physical properties reflect the composition, size, and arrangement of the solid particles
    • Commonly measured soil properties include soil color, texture, structure, density, porosity, and consistency
    • Static Soil Physical Properties do not change on short time scales under natural conditions or without significant applied force.
    • Dynamic Soil Physical Properties change readily on short time scales under natural conditions or with minor amounts of force.

    Soil Color

    • A prominent and easily determined soil physical property
    • Soil color is not a direct effect on soil but is an indicator of some soil properties
    • Organic matter content: higher content = darker soil color
    • Soil color and soil temperature: dark soil absorbs more heat = quicker warming and higher soil temperatures
    • Soil color and parent material: dark parent material can develop into dark soils
    • Soil color and drainage: refers to the length and duration of saturation, not how fast the soil drains; poorly drained soils are generally gray in color

    Relationship of Soil Color To Drainage

    • Soil color is key to determining drainage and depth to the water table
    • Can predict land use hazards
    • Soil Drainage Classes denote the length and duration of soil saturation with water:
      • Well-drained: no gray colors in the top 100 cm
      • Moderately well-drained: gray colors between 50 to 100 cm from the surface
      • Somewhat poorly drained: gray colors between 25 to 50 cm from the surface
      • Poorly drained: gray colors within 25 cm from the surface
      • Very poorly drained: gray colors within 25 cm from the surface and has an O horizon

    Soil Color Determination

    • Munsell Color System: a standard system used by soil scientists and geologists to describe soil color
      • Hue: dominant spectral color
      • Value: lightness - darkness (white to black)
      • Chroma: color purity or intensity
    • Color Notation: 10YR 5/2
      • 10YR – the Hue
      • 5 – the Value
      • 2 – the chroma
    • Munsell Color Chart: used to determine soil color
    • A soil is considered gray if it has a CHROMA OF 2 OR LESS

    Other Considerations for Soil Color:

    • Red, yellow, and light brown colors are likely due to Fe oxides
    • Dark brown or black colors are likely due to organic matter or Mn oxides
    • Low color value = high organic matter content
    • High chroma = well-drained soil, oxidizing conditions
    • Chroma of 2 or less: red Fe-oxide coatings have been removed under reducing conditions

    Soil Texture

    • A stable soil property that is not affected by soil and crop production practices
    • Defined as the relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay
    • These three soil separates must sum to 100%
    • Organic matter is not part of soil texture.
    • Each soil separate represents a distinct size group of mineral particles:
      • Sand: 2.0 - 0.02 mm
      • Silt: 0.02 - 0.002 mm
      • Clay: < 0.002 mm

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    Related Documents

    Module 4 - Soil Physical Properties and Soil Water.pdf

    Description

    Explore the fundamental aspects of soil physical properties, including definitions and types. This quiz covers static and dynamic properties while providing insights into measurable characteristics like color, texture, and density. Test your knowledge of how these properties influence soil behavior and land use.

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