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Questions and Answers
Which soil properties can change rapidly under natural conditions?
Which soil properties can change rapidly under natural conditions?
Which of the following is not considered a soil physical property?
Which of the following is not considered a soil physical property?
What is used as an index to assess soil compaction?
What is used as an index to assess soil compaction?
The statement, 'the finer the particle, the higher its specific surface area,' is:
The statement, 'the finer the particle, the higher its specific surface area,' is:
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What does high porosity in soil imply?
What does high porosity in soil imply?
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At field capacity, water is held in soil at which tension?
At field capacity, water is held in soil at which tension?
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What does high hydraulic conductivity in soil indicate?
What does high hydraulic conductivity in soil indicate?
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Which property is primarily impacted by soil management practices?
Which property is primarily impacted by soil management practices?
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What does the expression of water content where all pores are filled with water refer to?
What does the expression of water content where all pores are filled with water refer to?
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Does the addition of organic matter enhance aggregate stability in soil?
Does the addition of organic matter enhance aggregate stability in soil?
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What is the term for the entry of water through the soil surface?
What is the term for the entry of water through the soil surface?
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Which soil physical property is measured by the size and arrangement of solid particles?
Which soil physical property is measured by the size and arrangement of solid particles?
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What determines the relationship between soil physical properties and other soil properties?
What determines the relationship between soil physical properties and other soil properties?
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Which of the following is NOT a commonly measured soil physical property?
Which of the following is NOT a commonly measured soil physical property?
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Which soil physical property is associated with the ability of soil to hold water?
Which soil physical property is associated with the ability of soil to hold water?
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What effect does soil compaction have on plant growth?
What effect does soil compaction have on plant growth?
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What are static soil physical properties characterized by?
What are static soil physical properties characterized by?
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Which of the following factors has the least direct impact on soil color?
Which of the following factors has the least direct impact on soil color?
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How does soil color relate to drainage?
How does soil color relate to drainage?
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Which statement about dark-colored soils is accurate?
Which statement about dark-colored soils is accurate?
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Dynamic soil physical properties can be best defined as properties that:
Dynamic soil physical properties can be best defined as properties that:
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Which of the following statements regarding soil color and land use hazards is true?
Which of the following statements regarding soil color and land use hazards is true?
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Which property is a prominent indicator of soil characteristics?
Which property is a prominent indicator of soil characteristics?
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What does a deep red color in soil typically indicate?
What does a deep red color in soil typically indicate?
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What does soil drainage primarily refer to?
What does soil drainage primarily refer to?
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Which soil drainage class indicates the absence of gray colors within the top 100 cm?
Which soil drainage class indicates the absence of gray colors within the top 100 cm?
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What do mottles indicate about soil conditions?
What do mottles indicate about soil conditions?
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In the Munsell Color System, what does 'Value' refer to?
In the Munsell Color System, what does 'Value' refer to?
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How is the hue represented in the color notation '10YR 5/2'?
How is the hue represented in the color notation '10YR 5/2'?
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Which drainage class shows gray colors within 25 cm from the surface and includes an O horizon?
Which drainage class shows gray colors within 25 cm from the surface and includes an O horizon?
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What aspect of soil does the 'Chroma' parameter in the Munsell Color System measure?
What aspect of soil does the 'Chroma' parameter in the Munsell Color System measure?
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What color parameters are included in the Munsell Color System?
What color parameters are included in the Munsell Color System?
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What chroma value indicates that a soil is considered gray?
What chroma value indicates that a soil is considered gray?
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Which color indicates the likely presence of organic matter in soil?
Which color indicates the likely presence of organic matter in soil?
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What does a high chroma value in soil indicate?
What does a high chroma value in soil indicate?
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Which of the following soil separates represents a particle size of 0.02 - 0.002 mm?
Which of the following soil separates represents a particle size of 0.02 - 0.002 mm?
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Which factor does NOT affect soil texture?
Which factor does NOT affect soil texture?
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What is the effective diameter range for sand particles?
What is the effective diameter range for sand particles?
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Which of the following chroma values suggests red Fe-oxide coatings have been removed?
Which of the following chroma values suggests red Fe-oxide coatings have been removed?
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What happens to soil color value as organic matter content increases?
What happens to soil color value as organic matter content increases?
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Study Notes
Soil Physical Properties: Types, Definition and Determination
- Soil physical properties reflect the composition, size, and arrangement of the solid particles
- Commonly measured soil properties include soil color, texture, structure, density, porosity, and consistency
- Static Soil Physical Properties do not change on short time scales under natural conditions or without significant applied force.
- Dynamic Soil Physical Properties change readily on short time scales under natural conditions or with minor amounts of force.
Soil Color
- A prominent and easily determined soil physical property
- Soil color is not a direct effect on soil but is an indicator of some soil properties
- Organic matter content: higher content = darker soil color
- Soil color and soil temperature: dark soil absorbs more heat = quicker warming and higher soil temperatures
- Soil color and parent material: dark parent material can develop into dark soils
- Soil color and drainage: refers to the length and duration of saturation, not how fast the soil drains; poorly drained soils are generally gray in color
Relationship of Soil Color To Drainage
- Soil color is key to determining drainage and depth to the water table
- Can predict land use hazards
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Soil Drainage Classes denote the length and duration of soil saturation with water:
- Well-drained: no gray colors in the top 100 cm
- Moderately well-drained: gray colors between 50 to 100 cm from the surface
- Somewhat poorly drained: gray colors between 25 to 50 cm from the surface
- Poorly drained: gray colors within 25 cm from the surface
- Very poorly drained: gray colors within 25 cm from the surface and has an O horizon
Soil Color Determination
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Munsell Color System: a standard system used by soil scientists and geologists to describe soil color
- Hue: dominant spectral color
- Value: lightness - darkness (white to black)
- Chroma: color purity or intensity
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Color Notation: 10YR 5/2
- 10YR – the Hue
- 5 – the Value
- 2 – the chroma
- Munsell Color Chart: used to determine soil color
- A soil is considered gray if it has a CHROMA OF 2 OR LESS
Other Considerations for Soil Color:
- Red, yellow, and light brown colors are likely due to Fe oxides
- Dark brown or black colors are likely due to organic matter or Mn oxides
- Low color value = high organic matter content
- High chroma = well-drained soil, oxidizing conditions
- Chroma of 2 or less: red Fe-oxide coatings have been removed under reducing conditions
Soil Texture
- A stable soil property that is not affected by soil and crop production practices
- Defined as the relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay
- These three soil separates must sum to 100%
- Organic matter is not part of soil texture.
- Each soil separate represents a distinct size group of mineral particles:
- Sand: 2.0 - 0.02 mm
- Silt: 0.02 - 0.002 mm
- Clay: < 0.002 mm
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Description
Explore the fundamental aspects of soil physical properties, including definitions and types. This quiz covers static and dynamic properties while providing insights into measurable characteristics like color, texture, and density. Test your knowledge of how these properties influence soil behavior and land use.
