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Questions and Answers
For a soil to be considered in a dispersed state, what arrangement must its particles exhibit?
For a soil to be considered in a dispersed state, what arrangement must its particles exhibit?
- Face to face or parallel orientation (correct)
- Edge to face orientation
- Random orientation
- Edge to edge orientation
What term describes the soil moisture that is removed through the application of heat?
What term describes the soil moisture that is removed through the application of heat?
- Hydroscopic water
- Free water
- Capillary water (correct)
- Gravity water
What geological process or agent is NOT primarily responsible for the formation of residual soils?
What geological process or agent is NOT primarily responsible for the formation of residual soils?
- Water
- Glaciers
- Weathering in place (correct)
- Wind
Which type of soil is primarily transported and deposited through gravitational forces?
Which type of soil is primarily transported and deposited through gravitational forces?
What is the underlying process causing chemical weathering of soil?
What is the underlying process causing chemical weathering of soil?
Which of the following sequences accurately describes the geologic cycle involved in soil formation?
Which of the following sequences accurately describes the geologic cycle involved in soil formation?
Which of the following best describes the material termed 'Drift'?
Which of the following best describes the material termed 'Drift'?
What type of soil is 'Loess,' and by what primary agent is it formed?
What type of soil is 'Loess,' and by what primary agent is it formed?
Frost heave is characterized by which of the following ground behaviors?
Frost heave is characterized by which of the following ground behaviors?
What phenomenon occurs when seepage pressure in soil equals the pressure due to the submerged weight of the soil?
What phenomenon occurs when seepage pressure in soil equals the pressure due to the submerged weight of the soil?
Flashcards
Dispersed soil structure
Dispersed soil structure
Arrangement of soil particles where faces are parallel or side by side.
Hygroscopic water
Hygroscopic water
Soil moisture driven off by heat application.
Talus
Talus
Soil formed by gravity transportation
Drift
Drift
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Loess
Loess
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9% Volume Increase
9% Volume Increase
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Terzaghi
Terzaghi
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Alluvial Soil
Alluvial Soil
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Buoyant unit weight
Buoyant unit weight
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Water content
Water content
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Study Notes
- Dispersed soil structure arrangement: particles have face to face or parallel orientation.
- Soil moisture driven off by heat: hydroscopic water.
- Residual soils are formed by none of the listed options.
- "Talus" is soil transported by gravitational force.
- Chemical weathering of soil: caused by oxidation, carbonation, and hydration.
- Talus soil is transported by gravitational forces.
- Geologic cycle for soil formation: weathering, transportation, deposition, upheaval.
- The inventor of soil mechanics: Dr. Karl Terzaghi.
- Alluvial water transports soil.
- "Drift": material picked up, mixed, disintegrated, transported, and redeposited by glaciated water.
- "Loess" is silty clay formed by win
- The freezing of water is accompanied by a volume increase of 9%.
- Transporting & re-depositing soils: done by all the mentioned options (water, glacier & gravity).
- Soil: unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth's crust.
- Buoyant unit weight equals the saturated density minus unit weight of water.
- Coarse-grained soil water content determination: oven-drying method.
- Unit weight of soil decreases due to submergence in water.
- The fundamental relationship between dry density (γd), bulk density (γ) and water content (w): γd = γ/(1 + w).
- Void ratio: ratio of volume of voids to volume of solids.
- When the water content of a fully saturated soil mass is 100%, then the voids ratio of the sample is equal to specific gravity of soil.
- Quick condition: seepage pressure equals the submerged weight of soil, reducing effective pressure to zero.
- Oven drying is the most accurate method for water content determination.
- Dry density (γd), specific gravity (G), water content (w) and percentage of air voids (na) relationship: Yd=(1-na) Gγω/(1+ωG)
- The ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids in a given mass of soil: water content.
- Critical hydraulic gradient: (G-1)/(1+e).
- The moisture content of the soil is [(W2-W3)/(W3- W₁)] × 100
- Water content can be greater than 100%.
- If the voids of a soil mass are full of air only, the soil is termed as dry soil.
- The void space between the soil grains, is filled partly with air and partly with water
- If the bulk density "p" of the soil is and water content "ω", then dry density of the soil, is ρ/ (1+ω)
- When the degree of saturation is zero, the soil mass under consideration represents two phase system with soil and air
- Calcium carbide method is best suited for quick determination of water content of a soil mass for proper field control.
- Water content of soil: dry weight of water to dry weight of solids.
- Degree of saturation: ratio of volume of water to total volume of voids.
- Porosity: the ratio of void volume to the total volume of soil.
- A fully saturated soil is said to be two phase system with soil and water.
- Pycnometer uses: determine the water content
- Specific yield depends on all of the options (compaction, pore distribution & shapes and sizes).
- Sedimentation analysis assumption: soil particles are spherical.
- Pycnometer can determine water content and specific gravity.
- 0 ≤ S ≤ 100 is the valid range for the degree of saturation in percentage.
- Porosity: volume of voids / total volume of soil mass.
- Void ratio: volume of voids / volume of soil solids.
- Hydrometer sedimentation differs in observation methods from pipette analysis.
- Specific gravity: mass of soil solids / mass of equal volume of distilled water at a given temperature.
- A partially saturated soil is classified as three phase soil.
- (γ) = (G + eS) yw / (1 + e) is the general relationship between specific gravity (G), weight of water (Yw), degree of saturation (S), void ratio (e) and bulk density
- In pipette analysis, weight Wa per ml of suspension is found directly
- 0 ≤ n ≤ 100 is valid range for percentage voids.
- Voids ratio of a soil mass can take any value greater than zero
- d.e=n/(1-n) is the correct relationship between void ratio to porosity
- C. W/V (1+ω) represents calculation of the dry density of the soil
- Specific gravity of quartz: 2.65.
- C. Meniscus correction is additive and dispersing agent correction is subtractive, for hydrometer analysis for a soil mass
- C. Yd = Gyw/(1 + e) is the fundamental equation of specific gravity (G), dry density (γ), unit weight of water (Yw) and void ratio (e)
- D. Oven-drying method accurate determination of water content
- D.S = ew/G a fundamental equation of void ratio (e), specific gravity (G), water content (w) and degree of saturation
- Drying soil samples at temperatures ranging from 105°C to 110°C, for 24 hours is done when determining water content.
- Determination of water content of a soil sample suspected to contain gypsum is made by drying the sample for longer period at a temperature not more than 60°C
- D. 2.6 general indication on the specific gravity of sands
- Dry density reduces by addition of water after attaining optimum moisture content
- Hydrometer readings are corrected for all the options including temperature, meniscus and dispersing agent corrections
- Optimum water content decreases but maximum dry density increases with compaction energy increase
- The density of soil can be increased by reducing the space occupied by air
- A uniform soil has less strength and stability than a nonuniform soil
- 0< ID < 1 correct range of density index, ID
- The ratio of emax and emin of silty sand: D.3.5
- D. None of the above correct as uniformity coefficient and coefficient of curvature are not nearly unity,
- C. Density index the ratio of the difference between the void ratio of the soil in its loosest state and its natural void ratio (e) to the difference between,
- A maximum value of dry density is obtained at optimum water content
- Compression of soil occurs rapidly if voids are filled with water
- For better strength and stability, the fine grained soils and coarse grained soils are compacted respectively as Dry of OMC and wet of OMC
- Uniformity coefficient,is a measure of particle size range
- Both moisture content and amount correct in defining the the maximum dry density up to which any soil can be compacted depends upon
- Compaction has no effect on the structure of a soil
- All of the above are accurate, in describing OMC
- Greater than 1 in the relative density of sand in-situ that is densest
- All the above, affects the factor which effects the compaction
- Effective size of particles of soil is denoted by A. D10
- Uniformity coefficient of a soil is: Equal to or greater than 1
- Approximately equal to is the expression for dense sand. C. 0.95
- Coarse grained soils are best compacted by a vibratory roller
- B. 1.0 to 3.0 describes the coefficient of curvature for a well graded soil,
- C) D302/D60D10 describes defined description of the coefficient of curvature
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