Soil Formation Processes and Factors
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main soil formation processes described in the text?

  • Losses
  • Translocation
  • Additions
  • Evaporation (correct)
  • What does the lowercase letter 't' in a soil horizon designation (e.g. Bt) indicate?

  • Sodium accumulation
  • Cementation or induration
  • Clay accumulation (correct)
  • Decomposition of organic material
  • Which of the following is NOT a master soil horizon?

  • E
  • O
  • A
  • Bt (correct)
  • Which of the following processes involves the movement of organic and inorganic materials across a soil profile?

    <p>Translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lowercase letter 'n' in a soil horizon designation (e.g. Bn) indicate?

    <p>Sodium accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following soil formation processes involves the chemical or physical modification or destruction of soil constituents and the synthesis of new materials?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important factor in soil formation according to the text?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in the soil profile contains unconsolidated organic material at the soil surface?

    <p>Oi Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the zone in the soil profile characterized by organic material mixed with minerals?

    <p>Organic (very black)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in the soil profile is highly decomposed, smooth, and amorphous residues?

    <p>Oa Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humid warm climate is assumed for soil formation. Which factor contributes significantly to soil formation under such conditions?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon is a mineral horizon formed at or near the surface where humified organic matter is associated with mineral materials?

    <p>A Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'E' horizon in soil classification primarily characterized by?

    <p>Loss of silicate clay, organic matter, aluminum, or iron through downward movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the removal of soil constituents in suspension?

    <p>Eluviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon is characterized by the accumulation of materials from overlying horizons?

    <p>B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of horizon retains evidence of rock structure but lacks diagnostic properties?

    <p>C Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In soil classification, what does 'R' horizon refer to?

    <p>Continuous consolidated hard or very hard bedrock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does illuviation describe in soil formation?

    <p>Accumulation of materials from overlying horizons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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