Soil and Atmosphere Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of soil moisture in plant growth?

  • It acts as a barrier to weed growth.
  • It facilitates the absorption of water through roots. (correct)
  • It limits evaporation from the soil surface.
  • It provides nutrients for photosynthesis.

    • Which type of soil is characterized by low permeability?

  • Clay (correct)
  • Sand
  • Gravel
  • Loam

    • How does high permeability in soil affect water flow?

  • Water evaporates quickly from the surface.
  • Water flows through the soil easily. (correct)
  • Water is retained longer in the soil.
  • Water is absorbed more slowly by plants.

    • What is the unsaturated zone also known as?

    <p>Vadose zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enhances soil infiltration of precipitation?

    <p>Crisscrossed roots and burrows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a potential source of pollution in the unsaturated zone?

    <p>Contaminants entering the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about soil permeability is true?

    <p>Soil type affects the permeability of the unsaturated zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to contaminants in the unsaturated zone?

    <p>They can move through the unsaturated zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

    <p>To absorb harmful UV rays from the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what altitude does the stratosphere begin, on average?

    <p>12 km above the troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the temperature behave in the upper levels of the stratosphere?

    <p>It increases with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer is responsible for holding nearly all weather phenomena?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of swamps?

    <p>Presence of trees and bushes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the atmosphere's mass is contained in the stratosphere?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase best describes the lower portion of the stratosphere?

    <p>Nearly isothermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a swamp?

    <p>Florida's Everglades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are swamps primarily divided?

    <p>By the predominant tree species and water type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average height of the troposphere above sea level?

    <p>12 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes how tectonic lakes are formed?

    <p>Due to tectonic movements of the earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the height of the troposphere tend to be lower?

    <p>At Earth's poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary uses of lakes mentioned?

    <p>Storing water for drought conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Volcanic lakes can form in which of the following locations?

    <p>Within volcanic craters or calderas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water flow characteristic is commonly associated with lakes?

    <p>Slow moving or standing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one ecological importance of swamps?

    <p>Controlling water flow and filtering contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are landslide lakes primarily formed from?

    <p>Natural obstruction of rivers by landslides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a solution lake?

    <p>Lake Buhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of landscapes do aeolian lakes typically form in?

    <p>Arid regions with constant wind activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cavitation process leading to the formation of solution lakes occurs primarily due to the dissolution of which materials?

    <p>Limestone, gypsum, and dolomite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is known for creating quake lakes?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes barrier lakes?

    <p>Lakes formed by natural obstructions such as landslides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lakes was formed after the non-volcanic earthquake of 1628?

    <p>Lake Balanan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would NOT typically lead to the formation of a landslide lake?

    <p>Flooding caused by river overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the movement of surface ocean currents?

    <p>Wind blowing across the water's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does downwelling occur in ocean currents?

    <p>Through wind causing surface water to pile up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does gravity play in ocean currents?

    <p>It pulls items towards the earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the salinity of water when it freezes near the poles?

    <p>Salt is left behind as ice forms, increasing underlying salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the North Atlantic Drift have on Western Europe?

    <p>It brings regular rainfall to the region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of anaerobic decomposition in ocean water?

    <p>Use of organic matter by bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences the density of ocean water?

    <p>The temperature and salinity of the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when ocean currents converge?

    <p>Surface water is forced downwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of inland surface waters?

    <p>Static/lentic and flowing/lotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of surface waters in biodiversity?

    <p>They serve as homes for diverse species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do surface waters contribute to climate regulation?

    <p>They impact temperature, precipitation, and humidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use of water resources from surface waters?

    <p>Vital for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is typically NOT associated with recreation in surface waters?

    <p>Mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the spiritual and cultural values of ponds for local communities?

    <p>They can be breeding places for ducks and amphibians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes ponds from lakes?

    <p>Ponds are shallower than lakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can ponds be categorized?

    <p>According to their water source, form, and depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Global Wind Systems

    • Consist of permanent patterns of air circulation
    • Driven by uneven heating of Earth's surface
    • Air moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas

    Local Wind Systems

    • Smaller-scale winds
    • Generated by localized pressure gradients
    • Caused by temperature differences between land and water

    Types of Local Winds

    • Sea breeze: wind blowing from ocean to land (daytime)
    • Land breeze: wind blowing from land to ocean (nighttime)
    • Country breeze: wind blowing from countryside to city (nighttime)
    • Anabatic wind: warm wind moving up a slope
    • Katabatic wind: cold wind moving down a slope

    Factors Affecting Global Winds

    • Uneven heating of the Earth's surface
      • Solar energy distribution varies geographically
    • Equatorial heating
      • Direct sunlight at the equator causes air to warm, rise, and create low pressure
    • Polar cooling
      • Cooler temperatures at the poles lead to denser air, sinking, and high pressure
    • Rotation of Earth (Coriolis effect)
      • Deflects wind direction to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

    Types of Fronts:

    • Cold front: cold air mass forces warm air upward, characterized by rapid temperature changes and short-lived, intense precipitation
    • Warm front: warm air mass rises over a cold air mass, characterized by gradual temperature changes and prolonged periods of precipitation
    • Occluded front: warm air mass is completely lifted off the ground and replaced by cold air, characterized by a combination of cold and warm front characteristics and more complex weather patterns
    • Stationary front: air masses remain stationary, characterized by unpredictable weather with either varied or prolonged periods of clouds and precipitation.

    Types of Precipitation

    • Rain: liquid water droplets that fall from clouds
    • Snow: ice crystals that fall from clouds when temperatures are below freezing
    • Sleet: ice pellets formed when falling snow melts and refreezes before reaching the ground
    • Hail: irregular lumps of ice that form in intense thunderstorms and can have varying sizes

    Factors Affecting Weather

    • Temperature
    • Atmospheric pressure
    • Wind
    • Humidity
    • Clouds
    • Precipitation

    Weather Phenomena

    • Tropical cyclone: rotating storm systems with strong winds and heavy rainfall (e.g., hurricanes, typhoons)
    • Thunderstorm: storms with lightning and thunder, often with heavy rain, hail, and sometimes tornadoes
    • Tornado: violently rotating vortex in contact with the ground beneath the cloud base; associated with severe thunderstorms
    • Monsoon: seasonal shift in wind direction; associated with distinct wet and dry seasons

    Structure of a Tropical Cyclone

    • Eye: the calm center of the storm
    • Eyewall: the ring of intense thunderstorms surrounding the eye

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    Related Documents

    Earth Science NSCI 201 Past Paper S.Y. '24 - '25, PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the important roles of soil moisture and atmospheric layers in plant growth and environmental science. This quiz covers topics such as soil permeability, the unsaturated zone, and the stratosphere's characteristics. Perfect for students of environmental science or ecology.

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