Software Testing: Types, Importance, and Objectives

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following BEST describes software testing?

  • A method to ensure the actual software product meets expected requirements and is defect-free. (correct)
  • The process of writing code for a software application.
  • The act of end-users providing feedback on a software product.
  • A technique for managing software development projects.

Why is software testing considered important in the software development lifecycle?

  • To reduce the cost of software development by minimizing documentation.
  • To limit the involvement of end-users in the software development process.
  • To speed up the software development process by skipping unnecessary steps.
  • To find and correct defects, ensure user needs are satisfied, avoid user-detected problems, and provide quality products. (correct)

Which objective is LEAST likely to be a primary goal of software testing?

  • Ensuring the development team follows coding standards . (correct)
  • Preventing defects from occurring in the first place.
  • Ensuring the software meets customer requirements.
  • Defining defects in the software.

Which of the following is NOT a common reason for the existence of bugs in software?

<p>Strict adherence to the original project requirements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects a common misunderstanding about software testing?

<p>Testing is equivalent to debugging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of software testing, what is a 'bug' primarily defined as?

<p>A deviation of the actual result from the expected result. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly sequences the relationship between 'Error', 'Fault', and 'Failure' in software?

<p>Error leads to Fault, which leads to Failure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided code snippet, what does the highlighted section return x*2; represent in terms of software errors?

<p>It represents a 'Fault/Bug', an error in the code's logic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A software tester aims to make sure that 100% of the software works without errors. What statement BEST reflects the reality of this situation?

<p>Despite best efforts, there is always some probability that bugs will be missed by testers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following software testing types falls under Non-Functional Testing?

<p>Performance Testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After identifying a bug, a tester reports it. What is the IMMEDIATE next step in the bug life cycle?

<p>Bug is assigned to a developer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is testing considered a never-ending process in software development?

<p>Because testing continues throughout the software's lifecycle, adapting to changes and updates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Integration Testing?

<p>To verify the interfaces between components against a software design. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of System Testing?

<p>Testing the system as a whole to verify that it meets specified requirements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Black Box testing, what type of knowledge is NOT required?

<p>Knowledge of the internal program design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is Black Box testing typically applied?

<p>For both functional and non-functional testing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In equivalence partitioning, why is the selection of test cases from each partition beneficial?

<p>It reduces the number of test cases by focusing on representative values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY focus of Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)?

<p>Testing values at the edges or boundaries of input domains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Decision Table used for in software testing?

<p>To systematically test all possible input combinations and their resulting actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using State Transition Testing?

<p>To test how the system transitions between different states based on inputs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In White Box testing, what is the PRIMARY focus?

<p>Testing based on analysis of the internal structure of the software. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In White Box testing, what does 'Statement Coverage' entail?

<p>Ensuring that every statement in the code is executed at least once. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In White Box testing, what is the objective of 'Branch Coverage'?

<p>To ensure every branch in the code is executed at least once. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In White Box testing, what does 'Path Coverage' aim to achieve?

<p>To test all independent paths in the code. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of 'Test to pass' or 'Happy scenario' test cases?

<p>To ensure that the software functions minimally as expected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are 'Test to fail' or 'Bad scenario' test cases designed?

<p>To discover weaknesses and potential vulnerabilities in the software. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Regression Testing during software maintenance?

<p>To ensure that new changes haven't adversely affected existing functionality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST definition of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

<p>The sequence of activities carried out by Developers to design and develop high-quality software. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the BEST definition of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

<p>The sequence of activities carried out by Testers to test your software product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of User Documentation?

<p>To guide end-users in effectively using the software. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Technical Documentation?

<p>Explaining the system architecture, code structure, and algorithms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marketing Documentation PRIMARILY aims to:

<p>Promote the software's features and benefits to potential customers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is NOT directly part of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

<p>Code Implementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the V-model relate software development and testing activities?

<p>It illustrates how each development phase has a corresponding testing phase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing is primarily concerned with evaluating a system's performance in terms of speed, stability, and scalability under various load conditions?

<p>Performance Testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which phase typically involves coding and building the actual software product based on the design specifications?

<p>Implementation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of software testing focuses on evaluating the system from the perspective of the end-user, determining whether the software meets their needs and expectations?

<p>User Acceptance Testing (UAT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following test levels focuses on testing individual software modules or components in isolation?

<p>Unit Testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of software testing?

<p>Decreasing the time it takes to fully build and deliver the software application (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Software Testing?

Software testing is a method to check if the actual software product matches expected requirements and to ensure that the software product is defect free.

What is User Documentation?

User Documentation provides information to end-users on how to use the software.

What is Technical Documentation?

Technical Documentation is geared towards developers and includes design specifications, APIs, and code samples.

Marketing Documentation

Marketing Documentation targets potential customers and highlights the software's features and benefits.

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Why is testing important?

Software testing finds and corrects defects, satisfies user needs, avoids problems, and provides quality products.

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Software Testing Objectives

Objectives include ensuring requirement matching, defining and preventing defects, ensuring best quality, and generating high-quality test cases.

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What is a Bug?

A bug is a deviation of the actual result from the expected result.

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Types of errors in SW

Errors in software can be human actions producing incorrect results, or faults which are the state of the software caused by an error, and ultimately a failure which is the deviation of the software from its expected result.

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What is Unit Testing?

Unit testing involves testing individual components or modules of the software.

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Integration Testing

Integration testing combines and tests groups of units together.

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Black Box Testing

Black box testing requires no knowledge of internal program design, basing tests on requirements and functionality.

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White Box Testing

White box testing needs knowledge of the internal program design and code, basing tests on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, and conditions.

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Equivalence Partitioning

Equivalence Partitioning divides input data into valid and invalid partitions and tests one value from each partition.

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What is SDLC?

SDLC is Software Development Life Cycle. It is the sequence of activities carried out by Developers to design and develop high-quality software.

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What is STLC?

STLC is Software Testing Life Cycle. It consists of a series of activities carried out by Testers methodologically to test your software product.

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Boundary value analysis

Boundary value analysis tests values at the edges or boundaries of input ranges.

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Study Notes

Documentation Types

  • User Documentation
  • Technical Documentation
  • Marketing Documentation

What is Software Testing?

  • Software Testing is a method to check that the software product matches the expected requirements.
  • Software Testing ensures that the software product is defect-free.

Why is Testing Important?

  • Testing finds and corrects defects.
  • Testing is critical to ensure user needs are satisfied.
  • Testing prevents users from detecting problems post deployment.
  • Testing provides quality products.

Objectives of Testing

  • Ensure requirements match customer needs.
  • Define defects.
  • Prevent defects.
  • Ensure best possible quality.
  • Generate high quality test cases.

Why Software Has Bugs

  • Bugs occur due to miscommunication or lack of communication about application requirements.
  • Time pressure can lead to bugs.
  • Programming mistakes can introduce bugs.
  • Changing requirements mid-development can cause bugs.

Common Misunderstandings About Software Testing

  • Testing is often mistaken for debugging.
  • Testing is always necessary, even with careful programmers.
  • Testing shouldn't begin only after coding is complete.
  • Testing is never-ending.
  • Testing should be considered a creative task.
  • Manual testing is not the only type of testing.

Bugs

  • A bug is defined as the deviation of the actual result from the expected result.

Types of Errors in Software

  • Error: Human action that produces an incorrect result, leading to a fault.
  • Bug: The presence of an error at the time of software execution.
  • Fault: The state of software caused by an error.
  • Failure: Deviation of the software from its expected result, considered an event.
  • Assume that you are writing code to calculate if an integer is a square (n = nn) if the return is x2 then this is a fault/bug and if square(3) prints 6 that is considered a failure. square(2) = 4 would be considered a correct result.

Testing Specification

  • Involves test cases.
  • Bug Life Cycle

Software Free Error

  • Testers ensure that 100% of the software work is functional and error free.
  • There is always a chance bugs are missed by testers.
  • Testing can't account for every software operation possibility.

Types of Software Testing in Software Engineering

  • Focuses on functional testing, non-functional testing and maintenance.
  • Functional testing includes unit testing, integration testing, and UAT (user acceptance testing).
  • Non-Functional Testing includes performance measurements, usability and scalability
  • Maintenance includes regression testing and general maintenance

Testing Methodology

  • Includes Black Box Testing: Does not require knowledge of internal program design. Tests are based on requirements and functionality.
  • Includes White Box Testing: Requires knowledge of internal program design and code. Tests are based on code statements, branches, paths, and conditions.

Black Box Testing

  • Used for functional and non-functional testing without referring to the system's internal structure.

White Box Testing

  • Analysis based on the internal structure of the component or system.

Black Box Testing Techniques

  • Equivalence Partitioning (EP): testing a range of data, e.g. if VALUE is between 1 and 100 then print 'Pass'.
  • Boundary value analysis(BVA). e.g. if VALUE is between 1 and 100(inclusive). then print 'Pass'. Finds the upper/lower boundaries
  • Decision Table Testing: Used to test system behavior for different input combinations, often displayed in a table
  • State Transition Testing: Uses changes to input conditions to trigger outputs

White Box Testing Techniques

  • Used to verify all decision branches, loops, and statements in the code.
  • Statement Coverage: Requires at least one test case to check all lines of code.
  • Branch Coverage: Evaluates FALSE conditions to ensure thorough coverage.
  • Path Coverage: Tests complex code snippets with loop statements and various loop/decision combinations. This can require multiple test cases to ensure maximum coverage.

Test Case Objectives

  • Test to pass(Happy scenario): Ensures minimal software functionality with simple test cases
  • Test to fail(Bad scenario): Intentionally breaking software by choosing test cases

SDLC and STLC

  • SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle): Developer activities sequence to design and develop high-quality software.
  • STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle): A series of activities carried out by testers methodologically to test software.

V Model

  • A type of SDLC

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