Software Testing Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of verification in the testing objectives?

  • Monitoring the team's performance and productivity
  • Evaluating whether specified requirements have been fulfilled (correct)
  • Assessing project costs and resource allocation
  • Collecting user feedback after the software release

Which of the following is NOT a typical objective of testing?

  • Providing information to stakeholders for informed decisions
  • Reducing the level of risk of inadequate software quality
  • Triggering user acceptance testing after deployment (correct)
  • Ensuring required coverage of a test object

What is the purpose of confirmation testing?

  • To conduct user experience assessments on the application
  • To verify that initial tests identified all defects
  • To analyze the performance under different load conditions
  • To check whether fixes have resolved the identified problem (correct)

How do testing and debugging differ in their activities?

<p>Testing can identify defects and trigger failures, while debugging analyzes and fixes those defects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does effective testing contribute to within the software development lifecycle (SDLC)?

<p>Decisions to move to the next stage of the SDLC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a typical debugging process, what is the first step?

<p>Reproduction of a failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that testing indirectly contributes to software quality?

<p>By detecting defects that can then be eliminated through debugging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of corporate structure on testing objectives?

<p>Corporate structure can influence the context and priorities of testing objectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the difference between testing and quality assurance (QA)?

<p>Testing is product-oriented while QA is process-oriented. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why testing is usually required?

<p>To optimize user documentation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the chain of errors leading to failures?

<p>Human mistakes or errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might involving representative users in a project be challenging?

<p>Suitable users may be too busy or unavailable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are test results utilized for in quality control (QC)?

<p>To fix defects in the final product. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the nature of defects?

<p>Defects can exist in any phase of project documentation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Failures can result from various causes. Which of the following is NOT a direct cause of a failure?

<p>User feedback during development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best defines a root cause in the context of defects and failures?

<p>The fundamental reason an error occurred. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Test Objectives

Goals of testing, including evaluating work products, finding defects, ensuring coverage, reducing risk, verifying requirements, and building confidence.

Dynamic Testing

Testing method that triggers failures to find defects in software.

Static Testing

Testing method that directly finds defects in the software without running it.

Debugging

Process of finding, analyzing, and fixing the cause of a failure.

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Confirmation Testing

Re-testing to ensure the fixes resolved the initial problem.

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Regression Testing

Testing to ensure that fixes don't introduce new problems elsewhere in the software.

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Testing's cost-effectiveness

Testing is cost-effective because it helps detect defects early.

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Testing and Debugging difference

Testing finds failures, while debugging fixes them.

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Testing's Role

Testing ensures that user needs are considered throughout the development lifecycle.

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Quality Control (QC)

QC is a product-oriented approach focused on correcting issues and achieving desired quality levels. Testing is a major form of QC.

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Quality Assurance (QA)

QA is a process-oriented approach focused on preventing issues by ensuring good processes are followed. It applies to both development and testing.

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Errors vs. Defects

Humans make errors, which result in defects (bugs) in the software. Defects can be found in documentation, code, or supporting files.

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Defects and Failures

If a defect in code is executed, it can cause a failure in the system. Some defects always lead to failure, while others only do so in specific circumstances.

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Root Cause Analysis

Root cause analysis identifies the underlying reason for a failure, which is not always the initial error or defect.

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Environmental Failures

Failures can also happen due to environmental conditions, like radiation affecting firmware.

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Test Results' Use

Test results are used by both QA and QC. QA uses them to improve processes, while QC uses them to fix defects.

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Study Notes

Test Objectives

  • Evaluate work products (requirements, user stories, designs, code)
  • Trigger failures, find defects
  • Ensure test object coverage
  • Reduce risk of inadequate software quality
  • Verify specified requirements fulfillment
  • Verify compliance with contractual, legal, and regulatory requirements
  • Provide information for informed stakeholder decisions
  • Build confidence in test object quality
  • Validate test object completeness and expected stakeholder functionality

Testing and Debugging

  • Testing and debugging are separate activities
  • Testing can trigger failures (dynamic testing) or directly find defects (static testing)
  • Debugging involves:
    • Failure reproduction
    • Root cause diagnosis
    • Cause elimination
  • Confirmation testing (by original tester) confirms fixes
  • Regression testing checks for new failures

Testing's Contributions to Success

  • Cost-effective defect detection which leads to higher quality test objects.
  • Directly evaluates test object quality at various SDLC stages to aid release decisions.
  • Indirectly represents users during development, avoiding extensive and expensive user involvement.
  • Meets contractual, legal, and regulatory requirements.

Testing and Quality Assurance (QA)

  • Testing is quality control (QC), a product-oriented, corrective approach
  • Quality Assurance (QA) is process-oriented, preventive approach, focusing on process improvement.
  • Both QA and QC use test results
    • QC uses results to fix defects.
    • QA uses results for process performance feedback.
    • QA applies to both development and testing processes, and is everyone's responsibility.

Errors, Defects, Failures, and Root Causes

  • Human errors lead to defects (faults, bugs), potentially causing failures.
  • Errors caused by time pressure, work complexity, process, infrastructure, or lack of training and skills
  • Defects may be in documentation, code, or supporting artifacts
  • Defects in early SDLC artifacts can lead to later defects
  • A defect in code may always/sometimes/never result in a failure based on execution context.
  • Failures can also from environmental factors (e.g., radiation, electromagnetic fields).

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Description

This quiz covers the objectives and techniques of software testing and debugging, highlighting their contributions to software quality and stakeholder confidence. It explores various testing types, including dynamic and static testing, and emphasizes the importance of defect detection and coverage.

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