Software Testing Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a non-technical skill essential for a software tester?

  • Analytical skills (correct)
  • Hands-on experience with a defect tracking tool
  • Knowledge of automation tools
  • Basic knowledge of SQL

What is the main purpose of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

  • To ensure software quality and meet customer expectations (correct)
  • To reduce the time required for software development
  • To design software without testing
  • To develop software in a non-structured manner

In software testing, what does executing a program under negative conditions mean?

  • Collecting data during normal program operation
  • Running the program to see if it fails under expected circumstances
  • Checking system response to invalid input or erroneous situations (correct)
  • Testing for performance under optimal conditions

Which stage in the software testing process is likely to identify fundamental design flaws?

<p>Design Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is typically used to track defects in software?

<p>Bug Tracking Tool (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered a source of problems in software development?

<p>Excessive user feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is required for a software tester to handle time effectively?

<p>Time Management &amp; Organization Skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of executing software testing?

<p>To identify correctness, completeness, and quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of functional testing?

<p>To ensure the program's functions work correctly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error does black-box testing help identify when features are not functioning properly?

<p>Incorrect or Missing Functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing is typically conducted in the later stages to ensure everything works as intended?

<p>Black-box Testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does verification in the context of software testing ensure?

<p>That the software functions as required (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique specifically tests the boundaries of input values to find potential errors?

<p>Boundary Value Analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between verification and validation in software testing?

<p>Verification checks if the software functions as required, while validation checks if it meets user needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered an interface error in software testing?

<p>An external database cannot be accessed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes white-box testing from other testing methods?

<p>It uses knowledge of the code's structure to create tests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of integration testing?

<p>Examining how classes work together in specific scenarios (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'E' represent in the project estimation equation?

<p>Estimated project effort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is primarily used for validation in software testing?

<p>Black-box testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does encapsulation complicate testing in object-oriented programming?

<p>It hides internal data, requiring public method testing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the number of support classes 's' estimated in project estimation?

<p>By estimating it as m times the number of key classes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When testing for inheritance in object-oriented systems, what should be verified?

<p>Child classes correctly extend or override parent classes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Weighted Methods per Class (WMC) measure?

<p>Complexity of a class (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a quality attribute measured in performance testing?

<p>Database integrity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scenario addresses polymorphism testing?

<p>Making sure an object behaves according to its actual type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT) measure?

<p>Number of inheritance levels in a class hierarchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a conventional method of test case design?

<p>Interface testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a library system, which feature of an object-oriented class is validated when ensuring a PremiumMember has a higher borrowing limit?

<p>Inheritance from the Member class (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performance testing?

<p>To ensure the application works correctly under various conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is used to identify performance bottlenecks?

<p>Parts of the app that slow down performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of testing should be emphasized when validating class interactions?

<p>Integration of multiple classes in realistic scenarios (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided table, which interface type has the highest multiplier 'm'?

<p>Complex GUI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is testing harder with inheritance and polymorphism?

<p>Because behavior may vary based on the specific subclass. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be tested separately for both Member and PremiumMember classes?

<p>The borrowLimit() method. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does class testing in object-oriented testing focus on?

<p>Ensuring the object's state behaves as expected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing evaluates how multiple classes interact during a specific scenario?

<p>Integration Testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of thread-based testing in object-oriented testing?

<p>How a sequence of classes responds to a single event or input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In use-based testing, which scenario is primarily assessed?

<p>The interaction of classes needed for one specific use case. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of testing mentioned for object-oriented systems?

<p>Functional Testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be verified after a Member requests a Book in the borrowing process?

<p>The Loan class records the transaction and book status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important characteristic of a test case?

<p>It needs to include pre-requisites and expected results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about testing strategy characteristics is correct?

<p>Technical reviews can help eliminate errors before testing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for testing to begin 'in the small'?

<p>Early testing focuses on single components or small groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute is NOT typically included in a test case?

<p>Target Market (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When executing a test case, what do testers compare to determine if it has passed or failed?

<p>Expected results against actual results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of a testing strategy in software component testing?

<p>It helps ensure a systematic approach from components to full system integration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do technical reviews primarily aim to achieve before the actual testing phase?

<p>Identify and eliminate potential errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary for test cases to be traceable or mapped with requirements?

<p>To verify that all aspects of user requirements are covered. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Test Scenario

A specific situation or event that you test to see if a software feature works as expected. It's like a mini-story that describes how a user might use the software.

Test Case

A detailed blueprint for testing a specific part of a software. It includes steps, test data, and expected results to ensure thorough testing.

Test Case Attributes

Key characteristics of a test case that help document and organize the testing process.

Pre-condition

A condition that must be met before a test case can be executed. It sets the stage for the test.

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Expected Result

The outcome you expect to see when a test case is run successfully.

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Component Testing

Testing individual software components or modules in isolation to ensure they work correctly.

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Integration Testing

Testing how different software components work together after they've been tested individually.

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Technical Reviews

Formal evaluations of software documents or designs to identify errors and improve quality before testing begins.

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Analytical Skills

The ability to carefully examine information, identify patterns, and draw conclusions to solve problems or make decisions.

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Communication Skills

The ability to effectively convey information and ideas to others, both verbally and in writing, to build relationships and achieve shared goals.

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What is Software Testing?

A process used to ensure software meets quality standards by checking its functionality, performance, and compliance with specifications.

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Defect

A flaw or error in software that causes it to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly.

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SDLC

A structured process for developing software, including planning, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

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What are Requirements?

Detailed descriptions of the software's functionalities, features, and user needs that guide development.

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Design Flaws

Fundamental problems in the software's architecture or structure that might lead to issues.

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What is Inadequate Testing?

Insufficient or incomplete testing that fails to uncover potential problems or bugs before software release.

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Functional Testing

This type of testing checks if the program's features function correctly as intended.

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Testing Strategy

This approach starts by testing individual parts of the software and gradually combines them to test the entire system.

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Black-box Testing

This type of testing focuses on the software's behavior based on input and output, without looking at the code.

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Verification

This aspect of testing checks if the software functions as required based on the specifications.

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Validation

This aspect of testing ensures the software meets the user's needs and expectations.

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White-box Testing

This type of testing uses knowledge of the code's internal structure to create tests.

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Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)

This technique tests the extreme values of input data, because errors are likely to occur at these boundaries.

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Incorrect or Missing Functions

This type of error occurs when a feature doesn't work correctly or is entirely missing.

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Project Effort (E)

The total number of days (person-days) estimated for completing a software project.

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Number of Support Classes (s)

The number of helper classes that support key classes and functionalities in a project.

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Interface Type

The type of user interface of a software project (e.g., text-based, GUI, complex GUI).

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Weighted Methods per Class (WMC)

A metric that measures the complexity of a class based on the number of methods it has.

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Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT)

The number of inheritance levels in a class hierarchy.

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Coupling Between Object Classes (CBO)

A metric that measures how much a class depends on other classes.

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Performance Bottleneck

A part of a software application that slows down its overall performance.

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Performance Testing

Testing how well a software application functions under different conditions (e.g., load, stress, stability).

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Validation Testing

Tests the software from a user's perspective, without looking at internal code. Ensures it works as expected.

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Inheritance Testing

Ensures that child classes correctly inherit and extend the functionality of their parent classes.

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Polymorphism Testing

Checks if objects behave correctly depending on their actual type, even if they share the same parent class.

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Encapsulation Testing

Verifies that private data within a class is protected and not modified unexpectedly.

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Encapsulation Challenge

Encapsulation makes testing more complex because you can't directly access or manipulate private data.

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Indirect Testing

Testing a class's behavior indirectly by using methods that interact with it, instead of directly accessing its internal state.

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Inheritance and Polymorphism

Inheriting from parent classes and overriding methods allows for flexible behaviors, but requires testing each subclass variation.

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Class Testing

Testing an entire class's methods and ensuring its internal state behaves as expected.

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Integration Testing in OO

Testing how multiple classes work together to accomplish a task. It's like seeing how different pieces of a machine cooperate.

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Thread-Based Testing

Testing how a series of classes respond to a single input or event.

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Use-Based Testing

Testing classes needed for a specific user scenario or use case, like a real-life interaction.

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Cluster Testing

Testing a group of classes that collaborate for a specific feature or behavior.

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Overriding a Method

A subclass changing the implementation of a method it inherits from its parent class.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Software Testing

  • Software testing is a process used to verify a computer program's correctness, completeness, and quality by manual or automated means.
  • It ensures the program/application meets specific requirements and performs as expected.
  • Skills required include analytical thinking, communication, time management, organization, and passion.
  • Technical skills needed are database knowledge (SQL), Linux commands, testing tools (management and defect tracking), and automation tools.
  • SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is a process, including stages of testing, used to produce high-quality software.

Software Testing Objectives

  • Find defects.
  • Identify problems quickly.
  • Evaluate quality risks.
  • Assess project risks.
  • Advise on perceived quality.
  • Conform to specifications (requirements, design, and claims)

Software Testing Terminology

  • Error: A human action resulting in an incorrect output.
  • Bug: The presence of errors.
  • Fault: Resultant state of software from errors.
  • Failure: When the software's output deviates from the expected one.
  • Defect: When the software does not meet specifications or performs undesirably.

Testing Team Roles

  • Program Manager: Plans and makes decisions.
  • QA (Quality Assurance) Lead: Coaches and improves testing methods for the team.
  • Test Analyst Lead: Creates and manages test plans.
  • Test Engineer: Carries out hands-on testing and reports errors.

Testing in Software Lifecycle

  • Testing should begin early in the SDLC, typically during the requirements analysis stage.
  • Different testing types are used at different points in the cycle (e.g., Unit testing, Integration testing).
  • Testing should use verification and validation methods.

Different Testing Types

  • Unit testing: Testing individual parts (units) of the software.
  • Integration testing: Testing how different units work together.
  • System testing: Testing the entire system's functionality.
  • Acceptance testing: Real users test the software to ensure it meets their needs.
  • Alpha testing: Users unaware of the software are testing it under controlled conditions.
  • Beta testing: Users unaware of the software are testing it under uncontrolled conditions.
  • Load testing: Simulates many users simultaneously to see how the system handles it.
  • Stress testing: Checks if the software performs under heavy loads or extreme conditions.
  • Static testing: (No code execution): The documentation and design documents are evaluated to find issues.
  • Dynamic testing: Involves running the code to check for problems.

Test Management and Control

  • Estimation is a crucial activity in test management.
  • Includes planning, scheduling, and resource allocation for testing tasks.
  • Estimation techniques include functional points and three-point estimation.
  • A test plan is a document that outlines the testing strategy, objectives, schedule etc, essential for testing activities.

Object-Oriented Testing

  • Includes testing individual components and integrating them into a system.
  • Different testing techniques tailored to object-oriented systems (e.g., state-based, attribute-based).
  • Key elements include class testing and integration testing.
  • Focuses on how classes interact and their behaviour.

Software Maintenance and Evolution

  • Software maintenance involves modifications made after delivery to correct or improve software.
  • Software evolution focuses on continuous improvements and adaptation.
  • Lehman’s Laws explain how software changes over time, including growth, complexity, and quality issues.
  • Different maintenance types including corrective and adaptive maintenance are also discussed.
  • Tools and techniques like program comprehension, reverse engineering, and dependency graphs for maintenance are also discussed.

Software Quality Assurance (SQA)

  • Quality assurance is systematic process of preventing errors/defects in the software.
  • Activities, such as quality management and compliance with standards/metrics etc are discussed.
  • Quality control deals with detecting defects.
  • Includes techniques like inspections, reviews, and testing to ensure quality.
  • Formal technical reviews (FTR) use formal set of regulations to detect defects.

Performance Testing

  • Measures the speed, stability, and reliability of a system under different conditions.
  • Different types include load testing and stress testing.
  • Key metrics (response times, errors, resource usage) are used to assess the software’s performance.
  • Tools and techniques like jmeter, LoadRunner, and LoadNinja for performance testing are also discussed.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential software testing concepts with this quiz. It covers non-technical skills, the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), and various testing techniques. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refresh your skills, this quiz has something for you!

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