Software Risks and Quality Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following actions is considered unethical when using a computer?

  • Backing up personal data
  • Using someone else's files without permission (correct)
  • Creating original software
  • Collaborating with others on a project

What does the principle 'thou shalt not use a computer to steal' imply?

  • Sharing your own files with friends
  • Copying files from a shared drive
  • Accessing public information online
  • Downloading software without paying for it (correct)

Which of the following actions does NOT show consideration and respect when using a computer?

  • Using a computer to bear false witness (correct)
  • Helping a colleague with technical issues
  • Reporting a security breach
  • Accidentally deleting someone else's files

What is a responsible practice when creating software?

<p>Respecting copyright laws and avoiding plagiarism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is explicitly prohibited in the provided guidelines?

<p>Snooping around in other people's files (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that software reliability does not depend on?

<p>Software age and wear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that contributes to the growth of cyber crimes?

<p>Rapid technology growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tools is NOT considered a customer protection tool for software?

<p>Fraudulent claims (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of cyber crime?

<p>Social engineering threats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a third-party beneficiary refer to in a contract?

<p>An individual who benefits from the contract but is not a party to it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the social and ethical consequences of cyber crimes?

<p>Psychological effects – hate and bigotry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines software?

<p>Computer programs made up of a logical sequence of commands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Denial of Service Attacks'?

<p>Overloading a system to make it unavailable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of warranty is not explicitly written but assumed by law?

<p>Implied warranty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the global interconnected network of computers?

<p>Cyberspace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vulnerability scanning in cyberspace primarily used for?

<p>To determine the nature of a cyberattack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant human factor that can contribute to software failures?

<p>User errors during operation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to understanding the complexity of software?

<p>Reliability and performance measurement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines stalking in the context of cyber activities?

<p>Unwanted and obsessive attention given to an individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT increase the risk of cyber crime?

<p>High level of user education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is expected when software encounters an input sequence resulting in failure?

<p>An implied warranty is breached (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which motivation is typically behind hacktivism?

<p>Political activism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyberstalking is primarily characterized by:

<p>Use of online media for obsessive targeting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes cyber harassment?

<p>It involves continuous and unwelcome attacks on a victim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of increased dependency on computers?

<p>Increased vulnerability to cyber crimes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of cyberspace systems survivability?

<p>Maintaining systems during attacks and recovering quickly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a weakness that vulnerability scanning might detect?

<p>Exploitable flaws in operating systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cybersecurity, what term is used to describe a continuous pattern of annoyance against a victim?

<p>Harassment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best explains the repercussions of cyberbullying?

<p>It creates a hostile environment for the victim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary ethical concern related to artificial intelligence?

<p>Safety and security of users (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes virtual reality?

<p>A simulation of real or imaginary phenomena in three-dimensional environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the term initially used to refer to the Internet of Things (IoT)?

<p>Embedded internet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of bystanders in cyberspace?

<p>Increased mental health problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a responsibility related to intelligent agents?

<p>User accountability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge faced by advancements in artificial intelligence?

<p>Fear of superhuman capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of ethical considerations, what is a key concern regarding human-agent interactions?

<p>Intentions of the actor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the use of technology such as AI and IoT?

<p>They eliminate all forms of human intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is related to the psychological effects of technology on users?

<p>Lack of being in control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises from increased anonymity in cyberspace?

<p>Risks of masquerading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of software security?

<p>It has no trapdoors for intruders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tort is specifically associated with professional negligence?

<p>Malpractice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'strict liability' refer to in the context of torts?

<p>Liability regardless of carefulness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves a detailed examination of software's code or design by experts?

<p>Inspection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of improving software quality?

<p>Enhance user experience and satisfaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children aged 3-5 are actively accessing computers according to the provided content?

<p>60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does negligence in a tort context imply?

<p>A lack of carefulness or competence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for improving software quality?

<p>Game testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of risk is associated with software safety?

<p>Accidents or hazards in life-critical systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much financial loss resulted from computer security breaches for organizations in the last year, as noted?

<p>$265,586,240 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Computer ethics

A set of moral principles governing the use of computers. It addresses how technology should be used responsibly and ethically.

Software Piracy

Illegal copying or downloading of copyrighted software without permission.

Cybercrime

Criminal activities conducted using computer networks, such as hacking, data theft, and online fraud.

Computer Security

Measures taken to protect computer systems and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.

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Intellectual Property

Intangible creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary works, and designs.

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Software

A set of instructions that tells a computer what to do. It's like a recipe for your computer.

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Software Producer

The person or company that creates software. They're like chefs in the software world.

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Software Buyer

The person or organization that uses the software to solve a specific task or problem.

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Software Reliability

How likely the software is to work without any errors. It's like a software's reputation.

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Software Standards

Universally accepted rules for software quality and performance. It's like the recipe book for good software.

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Express Warranty

A written promise by the seller about the software's quality or performance. It's like a guarantee that the software will work as advertised.

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Implied Warranty

A warranty that is assumed by law. It's like a built-in guarantee that the software will be fit for its intended purpose.

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Third-Party Beneficiary

A person who benefits from a contract even though they are not part of the original agreement. It's like getting a surprise gift.

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Reasons for Cybercrime Growth

Increased accessibility of hacking tools, anonymity provided by the internet, and dependence on technology contribute to cybercrime growth.

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Types of Cybercrime Attacks

Cyberattacks can be categorized as penetration attacks, where unauthorized access is gained, or denial-of-service attacks, which aim to disrupt service availability.

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Penetration Attacks

Attacks where individuals or groups gain unauthorized access to sensitive systems and data.

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Denial of Service Attacks

Attacks aimed at overloading a system's resources, making it unavailable to legitimate users.

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Cybercrime Motivation

Cybercrime is motivated by various factors, including financial gain, political activism, and malicious intent.

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Social & Ethical Consequences of Cybercrime

Cybercrime has far-reaching consequences, including psychological harm, loss of privacy, and erosion of trust in online environments.

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Cyberspace

A global virtual environment based on interconnected computer networks.

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Anonymity

The state of being unknown or unidentified online.

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Internet Paradox

The phenomenon where online communication can increase social isolation and decrease real-world interaction.

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Masquerading

Assuming a false identity online, often to deceive others.

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Flaming

Aggressive and offensive communication online, often using insults and vulgar language.

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Exclusion

The act of intentionally excluding someone from online communities or interactions.

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Outing

Revealing someone's private information online without their consent, often with malicious intent.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A field of computer science focused on creating intelligent machines that can learn and perform tasks like humans.

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Virtual Reality (VR)

A technology that creates immersive, interactive, simulated experiences in a three-dimensional environment.

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Intelligent Agents

Software programs designed to perform tasks autonomously, such as personal assistants or meeting schedulers.

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Internet of Things (IoT)

A network of interconnected devices and objects that can collect, exchange, and act on data.

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Vulnerability Scanning

An automated process where a program sends network traffic to computers, looking for known weaknesses in their operating systems, software, or protocols.

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Cyberstalking

The act of repeatedly harassing or pursuing someone online, using digital media, often with the intent to frighten, intimidate, or cause distress.

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Cyber Harassment

Using online platforms to annoy, harass, or create a hostile environment for someone, often by sending unwelcome messages, threats, or spreading rumors.

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System Survivability

A computer system's ability to continue operating and providing essential services despite attacks and failures. This includes recovering quickly from any disruptions.

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What are the types of Cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying can be categorized into different forms, such as cyberstalking, cyber harassment, online impersonation, and online threats.

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What does vulnerability scanning aim to achieve?

Vulnerability scanning attempts to identify and expose weaknesses in computer systems and networks before they can be exploited by attackers.

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How does cyberstalking differ from regular stalking?

Cyberstalking is similar to regular stalking, but it uses digital media and online platforms to harass and pursue someone.

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Why is system survivability important?

System survivability is crucial for ensuring the stability and reliability of computer systems in the face of cyberattacks, errors, or failures.

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Software Security

A software product is considered secure when it lacks vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. This means that malicious users cannot gain unauthorized access to the system.

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Software Quality

Software quality refers to a software product's excellence in various aspects, including its reliability, security, safety, and dependability. This means the software performs as expected and meets user needs.

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Safety in Software

Safety in software ensures that a software product minimizes the risk of accidents, hazards, or any negative impact on users or systems. It is crucial for life-critical applications where failures could have serious consequences.

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Breach of Contract

This occurs when one party fails to fulfill their obligations as outlined in a software agreement, potentially causing harm to the other party.

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Tort

A tort refers to a wrongful act that causes harm or injury to another person, typically in the context of software services. It can be intentional or unintentional.

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Negligence

Negligence in software development occurs when developers fail to take reasonable care, leading to mistakes or errors that cause harm. This can include careless coding, lack of testing, or inadequate documentation.

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Malpractice

A form of professional negligence specifically related to software services where a developer's actions fall below the accepted standards of their profession, causing damages.

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Strict Liability

Strict liability holds a developer or company responsible for any harm caused by their software, regardless of whether they were careful or not. This applies to situations where the software itself is inherently dangerous.

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Misrepresentation

Misrepresentation occurs when a software service provider provides false or misleading information to users, causing them harm or loss. This can include incorrect descriptions, exaggerated claims, or hidden flaws.

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Final Review

A final review is a thorough inspection of the software product conducted before its official release. This review aims to identify any remaining issues, bugs, or potential problems.

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Study Notes

Software Risks and Liabilities

  • Software is a sequence of commands to perform tasks.
  • Software producers create programs for general or specific needs.
  • Buyers benefit from software programs.
  • Producers and consumers are involved in software use.

Causes of Software Failures

  • Human factors play a role in failures.
  • Software's nature is a factor in failures.
  • Buyer rights include replacement, refunds, and updates.
  • Understanding software complexity involves considering products, services, and a mix of both.
  • Customer protection tools include contracts and torts.

Standards, Reliability, Security, and Safety in Software

  • Standards are universally accepted levels of confidence.
  • Software reliability doesn't depend on age like hardware.
  • Software reliability is the probability it won't fail.
  • Secure software prevents unauthorized access.
  • Software safety means avoiding risks.

Quality in Software

  • Software quality involves high excellence.
  • Software quality includes security, safety, and dependability.
  • Software quality is important for critical systems.

Computer Crimes

  • Illegal acts using computers or related systems are crimes.
  • Misrepresentation includes false information to harm.

Cyber Crimes - Types and Motivations

  • Cybercrimes include illegal acts involving computer systems.
  • Three categories are natural attacks, human errors, and intentional threats.
  • Two aspects are viruses and hacking.
  • Penetration attacks include insider threats, hackers, criminal groups, and hacktivism.
  • Denial of service attacks happen from inside and outside.
  • Motivations for cyberattacks include business espionage, jokes/hoaxes, and political activism.

Ethical Considerations for AI and VR

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field that emulates human intelligence.
  • Advances in AI have led to robots, space exploration, medicine, and advanced research.
  • Virtual reality (VR) involves stimulating real or imaginary experiences in 3D environments.
  • AI ethics includes user rights, accountability, and safety.
  • VR ethics involves human interactions and responsibility.

Internet of Things (IoT)

  • IoT initially proposed in 1998.
  • IoT refers to interconnected devices.
  • IoT has constraints involving limited power and low-level devices.
  • IoT has security challenges: security is vital, authentication is insufficient, and encryption is lacking
  • IoT has issues concerning standards and networking.

Cyber Concerns

  • Cyberattacks, cybersecurity, and lack of enforcement are growing concerns.
  • Cybercrimes include insider attacks and distributed liability.
  • Cyberbullying involves deliberate harm through technology.
  • Cyberstalking is a form of cyberbullying.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of software risks, failures, and quality standards. It covers the roles of producers and consumers, human factors in software failures, and the importance of reliability and security in software development. Test your understanding of these critical components in software engineering.

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