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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of functional requirements in software development?
What is the primary focus of functional requirements in software development?
Which of the following is an example of a non-functional requirement?
Which of the following is an example of a non-functional requirement?
What is the purpose of a user story in software development?
What is the purpose of a user story in software development?
What are acceptance criteria used for in software development?
What are acceptance criteria used for in software development?
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What is the primary actor in a use case?
What is the primary actor in a use case?
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What is the goal of a use case?
What is the goal of a use case?
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What do use cases typically include?
What do use cases typically include?
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What is the purpose of a use case in software development?
What is the purpose of a use case in software development?
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What is the primary purpose of functional requirements in software development?
What is the primary purpose of functional requirements in software development?
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Which type of functional requirement describes what the user needs to do with the system?
Which type of functional requirement describes what the user needs to do with the system?
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Which characteristic of functional requirements ensures that they are realistic and feasible?
Which characteristic of functional requirements ensures that they are realistic and feasible?
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What is the purpose of a use case in software development?
What is the purpose of a use case in software development?
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What is the benefit of having clear functional requirements in software development?
What is the benefit of having clear functional requirements in software development?
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What tool is used to collect data from a large number of stakeholders to gather functional requirements?
What tool is used to collect data from a large number of stakeholders to gather functional requirements?
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What is an example of a functional requirement?
What is an example of a functional requirement?
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Why are functional requirements important in software development?
Why are functional requirements important in software development?
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What is the benefit of using prototypes to gather functional requirements?
What is the benefit of using prototypes to gather functional requirements?
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What is the primary focus of interface requirements in software development?
What is the primary focus of interface requirements in software development?
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Study Notes
Software Requirements
Functional Requirements
- Describe the functional capabilities of the software system
- Define what the system must do, including:
- User interactions
- Data processing and storage
- Business logic
- Interfaces with other systems
- Examples:
- The system shall allow users to login with a username and password
- The system shall calculate the total cost of items in a shopping cart
Non-functional Requirements
- Describe the quality attributes of the software system
- Define how the system should perform, including:
- Performance
- Security
- Usability
- Scalability
- Reliability
- Examples:
- The system shall respond to user input within 2 seconds
- The system shall encrypt all user data
User Stories
- A narrative description of a software feature from an end-user perspective
- Typically follows the format: "As a [user role], I want to [perform some task] so that [I can achieve some goal]"
- Used to capture functional requirements in a more user-centric way
- Examples:
- As a customer, I want to be able to reset my password so that I can regain access to my account
- As a manager, I want to be able to view sales reports so that I can make informed business decisions
Acceptance Criteria
- A set of conditions that must be met in order for a user story or requirement to be considered complete
- Defines the boundaries and expectations of the requirement
- Examples:
- Acceptance criteria for the user story "As a customer, I want to be able to reset my password":
- The system sends a password reset email to the user
- The user can reset their password using the email link
- The system updates the user's password successfully
- Acceptance criteria for the user story "As a customer, I want to be able to reset my password":
Use Cases
- A description of how a user interacts with the software system to achieve a specific goal
- Typically includes:
- Primary actor: The user who interacts with the system
- Goal: What the user wants to achieve
- Triggers: What initiates the use case
- Preconditions: What must be true before the use case can start
- Postconditions: What is true after the use case is complete
- Examples:
- Use case: "Place an order"
- Primary actor: Customer
- Goal: To purchase products
- Triggers: The customer adds items to their shopping cart
- Preconditions: The customer has a valid account and payment method
- Postconditions: The order is successfully placed and payment is processed
- Use case: "Place an order"
Software Requirements
Functional Requirements
- Describe the functional capabilities of the software system, including user interactions, data processing and storage, business logic, and interfaces with other systems.
- Define what the system must do, such as allowing users to login with a username and password, and calculating the total cost of items in a shopping cart.
Non-functional Requirements
- Describe the quality attributes of the software system, including performance, security, usability, scalability, and reliability.
- Define how the system should perform, such as responding to user input within 2 seconds, and encrypting all user data.
User Stories
- A narrative description of a software feature from an end-user perspective, following the format: "As a [user role], I want to [perform some task] so that [I can achieve some goal]".
- Used to capture functional requirements in a more user-centric way, such as allowing customers to reset their password, and managers to view sales reports.
Acceptance Criteria
- A set of conditions that must be met in order for a user story or requirement to be considered complete.
- Defines the boundaries and expectations of the requirement, such as sending a password reset email, allowing users to reset their password, and updating the user's password successfully.
Use Cases
- A description of how a user interacts with the software system to achieve a specific goal.
- Includes primary actor, goal, triggers, preconditions, and postconditions, such as placing an order, with the customer as the primary actor, with the goal of purchasing products.
Functional Requirements
Definition
- Describe what the system must do to meet the needs of its users, including tasks, data processing, and interactions.
Types of Functional Requirements
User Requirements
- Describe what the user needs to do with the system.
System Requirements
- Describe what the system must do to meet the user's needs.
Interface Requirements
- Describe how the system interacts with users, hardware, and other systems.
Characteristics of Functional Requirements
SMART Criteria
- Specific: Clearly and concisely defined.
- Measurable: Quantifiable and verifiable.
- Achievable: Realistic and feasible.
- Relevant: Align with the system's goals and objectives.
- Time-bound: Have a specific deadline or timeframe.
Examples of Functional Requirements
- Allow users to log in with a username and password.
- Process sales transactions within 2 seconds.
- Generate a report summarizing sales data by region.
Tools and Techniques for Eliciting Functional Requirements
- Interviews: Conducted with stakeholders to gather information about their needs and expectations.
- Surveys: Used to collect data from a large number of stakeholders.
- Use Cases: Describe the system's functional requirements from the user's perspective.
- Prototyping: A working model of the system used to test and refine functional requirements.
Benefits of Functional Requirements
- Clear understanding of system capabilities: Ensures stakeholders have a shared understanding of what the system can do.
- Guides system design and development: Provides a clear direction for system development.
- Reduces misunderstandings and errors: Helps to avoid misunderstandings and errors during system development.
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Description
This quiz assesses knowledge of software requirements analysis, including functional and non-functional requirements. It covers functional capabilities, user interactions, and business logic. Take this quiz to test your understanding of software systems.
