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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of functional requirements in software development?
Which of the following is an example of a non-functional requirement?
What is the purpose of a user story in software development?
What are acceptance criteria used for in software development?
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What is the primary actor in a use case?
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What is the goal of a use case?
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What do use cases typically include?
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What is the purpose of a use case in software development?
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What is the primary purpose of functional requirements in software development?
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Which type of functional requirement describes what the user needs to do with the system?
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Which characteristic of functional requirements ensures that they are realistic and feasible?
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What is the purpose of a use case in software development?
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What is the benefit of having clear functional requirements in software development?
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What tool is used to collect data from a large number of stakeholders to gather functional requirements?
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What is an example of a functional requirement?
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Why are functional requirements important in software development?
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What is the benefit of using prototypes to gather functional requirements?
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What is the primary focus of interface requirements in software development?
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Study Notes
Software Requirements
Functional Requirements
- Describe the functional capabilities of the software system
- Define what the system must do, including:
- User interactions
- Data processing and storage
- Business logic
- Interfaces with other systems
- Examples:
- The system shall allow users to login with a username and password
- The system shall calculate the total cost of items in a shopping cart
Non-functional Requirements
- Describe the quality attributes of the software system
- Define how the system should perform, including:
- Performance
- Security
- Usability
- Scalability
- Reliability
- Examples:
- The system shall respond to user input within 2 seconds
- The system shall encrypt all user data
User Stories
- A narrative description of a software feature from an end-user perspective
- Typically follows the format: "As a [user role], I want to [perform some task] so that [I can achieve some goal]"
- Used to capture functional requirements in a more user-centric way
- Examples:
- As a customer, I want to be able to reset my password so that I can regain access to my account
- As a manager, I want to be able to view sales reports so that I can make informed business decisions
Acceptance Criteria
- A set of conditions that must be met in order for a user story or requirement to be considered complete
- Defines the boundaries and expectations of the requirement
- Examples:
- Acceptance criteria for the user story "As a customer, I want to be able to reset my password":
- The system sends a password reset email to the user
- The user can reset their password using the email link
- The system updates the user's password successfully
- Acceptance criteria for the user story "As a customer, I want to be able to reset my password":
Use Cases
- A description of how a user interacts with the software system to achieve a specific goal
- Typically includes:
- Primary actor: The user who interacts with the system
- Goal: What the user wants to achieve
- Triggers: What initiates the use case
- Preconditions: What must be true before the use case can start
- Postconditions: What is true after the use case is complete
- Examples:
- Use case: "Place an order"
- Primary actor: Customer
- Goal: To purchase products
- Triggers: The customer adds items to their shopping cart
- Preconditions: The customer has a valid account and payment method
- Postconditions: The order is successfully placed and payment is processed
- Use case: "Place an order"
Software Requirements
Functional Requirements
- Describe the functional capabilities of the software system, including user interactions, data processing and storage, business logic, and interfaces with other systems.
- Define what the system must do, such as allowing users to login with a username and password, and calculating the total cost of items in a shopping cart.
Non-functional Requirements
- Describe the quality attributes of the software system, including performance, security, usability, scalability, and reliability.
- Define how the system should perform, such as responding to user input within 2 seconds, and encrypting all user data.
User Stories
- A narrative description of a software feature from an end-user perspective, following the format: "As a [user role], I want to [perform some task] so that [I can achieve some goal]".
- Used to capture functional requirements in a more user-centric way, such as allowing customers to reset their password, and managers to view sales reports.
Acceptance Criteria
- A set of conditions that must be met in order for a user story or requirement to be considered complete.
- Defines the boundaries and expectations of the requirement, such as sending a password reset email, allowing users to reset their password, and updating the user's password successfully.
Use Cases
- A description of how a user interacts with the software system to achieve a specific goal.
- Includes primary actor, goal, triggers, preconditions, and postconditions, such as placing an order, with the customer as the primary actor, with the goal of purchasing products.
Functional Requirements
Definition
- Describe what the system must do to meet the needs of its users, including tasks, data processing, and interactions.
Types of Functional Requirements
User Requirements
- Describe what the user needs to do with the system.
System Requirements
- Describe what the system must do to meet the user's needs.
Interface Requirements
- Describe how the system interacts with users, hardware, and other systems.
Characteristics of Functional Requirements
SMART Criteria
- Specific: Clearly and concisely defined.
- Measurable: Quantifiable and verifiable.
- Achievable: Realistic and feasible.
- Relevant: Align with the system's goals and objectives.
- Time-bound: Have a specific deadline or timeframe.
Examples of Functional Requirements
- Allow users to log in with a username and password.
- Process sales transactions within 2 seconds.
- Generate a report summarizing sales data by region.
Tools and Techniques for Eliciting Functional Requirements
- Interviews: Conducted with stakeholders to gather information about their needs and expectations.
- Surveys: Used to collect data from a large number of stakeholders.
- Use Cases: Describe the system's functional requirements from the user's perspective.
- Prototyping: A working model of the system used to test and refine functional requirements.
Benefits of Functional Requirements
- Clear understanding of system capabilities: Ensures stakeholders have a shared understanding of what the system can do.
- Guides system design and development: Provides a clear direction for system development.
- Reduces misunderstandings and errors: Helps to avoid misunderstandings and errors during system development.
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Description
This quiz assesses knowledge of software requirements analysis, including functional and non-functional requirements. It covers functional capabilities, user interactions, and business logic. Take this quiz to test your understanding of software systems.
