Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of open source development?
What is the primary goal of open source development?
- To minimize the use of volunteers in development
- To enforce restrictions on code modification
- To create proprietary software products
- To publish source code and invite community participation (correct)
What is included in a platform besides hardware?
What is included in a platform besides hardware?
- Operating system and supporting software (correct)
- Training materials and documentation
- Hardware and user manuals
- Only the operating system
What is one way open source projects extend their reach in development?
What is one way open source projects extend their reach in development?
- By using the Internet to recruit volunteer developers (correct)
- Through the use of traditional marketing strategies
- By limiting development to paid professionals
- By prioritizing profit generation from software sales
Which tool is NOT typically found in a development platform environment?
Which tool is NOT typically found in a development platform environment?
Which of the following products is considered a best-known example of open source software?
Which of the following products is considered a best-known example of open source software?
What is becoming increasingly popular among product companies regarding software development?
What is becoming increasingly popular among product companies regarding software development?
What is the main purpose of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?
What is the main purpose of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?
How do companies typically generate revenue with open source products?
How do companies typically generate revenue with open source products?
High availability systems may require components to be deployed on how many platforms?
High availability systems may require components to be deployed on how many platforms?
What fundamental principle distinguishes open-source development from unrestricted code sharing?
What fundamental principle distinguishes open-source development from unrestricted code sharing?
What might be a reason for deploying components on the same platform?
What might be a reason for deploying components on the same platform?
Which of the following statements is true regarding development platforms?
Which of the following statements is true regarding development platforms?
Which of the following is NOT a common concern regarding open source development?
Which of the following is NOT a common concern regarding open source development?
Which component would NOT be considered part of an IDE?
Which component would NOT be considered part of an IDE?
What does the Free Software Foundation advocate for in terms of source code?
What does the Free Software Foundation advocate for in terms of source code?
In what scenario is it most beneficial to deploy components on platforms that are physically close to each other?
In what scenario is it most beneficial to deploy components on platforms that are physically close to each other?
What is the primary purpose of configuration management in software development?
What is the primary purpose of configuration management in software development?
Which of the following is NOT a cost associated with software reuse?
Which of the following is NOT a cost associated with software reuse?
What does version management in configuration management primarily support?
What does version management in configuration management primarily support?
In the context of configuration management, what does 'problem tracking' provide support for?
In the context of configuration management, what does 'problem tracking' provide support for?
Which statement best describes 'host-target development' in software?
Which statement best describes 'host-target development' in software?
What is an essential activity of configuration management?
What is an essential activity of configuration management?
Which of the following best describes the costs associated with integrating reusable software elements?
Which of the following best describes the costs associated with integrating reusable software elements?
What is a major benefit of system integration in configuration management?
What is a major benefit of system integration in configuration management?
What is the primary requirement of the GNU General Public License (GPL)?
What is the primary requirement of the GNU General Public License (GPL)?
Which open source license allows you to link to open source code without publishing the source of your own components?
Which open source license allows you to link to open source code without publishing the source of your own components?
Which of the following statements about BSD License is correct?
Which of the following statements about BSD License is correct?
What is one of the key management practices for handling open-source components?
What is one of the key management practices for handling open-source components?
What is the relationship between software design and implementation?
What is the relationship between software design and implementation?
In object-oriented design, which activity is essential for defining the structure of the system?
In object-oriented design, which activity is essential for defining the structure of the system?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of having auditing systems in open-source software management?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of having auditing systems in open-source software management?
What influences the level of detail in the design phase of software development?
What influences the level of detail in the design phase of software development?
What is an essential aspect of modern software development mentioned?
What is an essential aspect of modern software development mentioned?
What is the role of configuration management in software development?
What is the role of configuration management in software development?
In host-target development, where does the production software usually execute?
In host-target development, where does the production software usually execute?
What characterized software development from the 1960s to the 1990s?
What characterized software development from the 1960s to the 1990s?
Which of the following best describes the object level of reuse?
Which of the following best describes the object level of reuse?
Which level of reuse involves utilizing collections of objects?
Which level of reuse involves utilizing collections of objects?
What has driven the shift from scratch-based software development to reuse?
What has driven the shift from scratch-based software development to reuse?
At which level of reuse do developers not directly reuse software but instead leverage successful abstractions?
At which level of reuse do developers not directly reuse software but instead leverage successful abstractions?
Flashcards
Configuration Management
Configuration Management
The process of managing changes in a software system.
Software Reuse
Software Reuse
Reusing existing software components in new systems, saving time and effort.
Reuse Costs
Reuse Costs
Costs associated with finding, acquiring, adapting, and integrating reusable software components.
Version Management
Version Management
A system that keeps track of different versions of software components, helping to coordinate development.
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System Integration
System Integration
A process that defines which components are used to create a system, allowing for automatic system building.
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Problem Tracking
Problem Tracking
A feature that allows users to report bugs and problems, enabling developers to track and fix them.
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Host-Target Development
Host-Target Development
The development of software on a computer (host) that will run on a different machine (target).
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Configuration Management Tools
Configuration Management Tools
Tools used to manage configurations, including version management, system integration, and problem tracking.
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Open Source Development
Open Source Development
A software development approach where the source code is publicly available and volunteers contribute to its development.
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Free Software Foundation (FSF)
Free Software Foundation (FSF)
A non-profit organization that advocates for freely available and modifiable source code, promoting transparency and user control.
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Open Source Software (OSS)
Open Source Software (OSS)
A software development method using the Internet to involve a large community of volunteer developers, often users of the software they contribute to.
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Linux Operating System
Linux Operating System
A widely used open-source operating system known for its reliability and security, often used as a server system and increasingly as a desktop environment.
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Java
Java
A widely used programming language and development platform known for its versatility and portability, often used for web applications and enterprise software.
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Apache Web Server
Apache Web Server
A popular open-source web server used to host websites and web applications, known for its performance and stability.
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MySQL Database Management System
MySQL Database Management System
An open-source database management system, known for its efficiency and scalability, often used for large-scale websites and web applications.
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Open Source Business Model
Open Source Business Model
A business model where companies rely on providing support and services for open-source software instead of selling the software itself.
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Host System
Host System
The development environment where software is created, often distinct from the environment where it will be executed.
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Target System
Target System
The environment where the software will ultimately run after it's developed. This can be a different computer or platform.
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Object Level Reuse
Object Level Reuse
Reusing existing software components, like functions or objects, from libraries within a programming language. This promotes efficiency and consistency.
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System Level Reuse
System Level Reuse
Reusing entire application systems, which can be powerful but requires careful consideration of compatibility and integration.
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Component-Based Development
Component-Based Development
An approach to software development that emphasizes the use of reusable components, aiming to reduce development time and improve quality.
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Abstraction Level Reuse
Abstraction Level Reuse
Applying knowledge of successful abstractions from past software projects to design new software. This focuses on high-level concepts and principles.
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Development Platform
Development Platform
The environment where software development occurs. It consists of hardware, operating system, and tools like database management systems and IDEs.
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Execution Platform
Execution Platform
The environment where software runs after being developed. It could have different hardware, operating system, and software compared to the development platform.
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Development Platform Tools
Development Platform Tools
Tools used for creating, editing, and compiling code. They support software development processes.
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Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Software tools grouped together to provide a comprehensive development environment. It simplifies the development process by integrating several features.
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High Availability
High Availability
Ensuring a system's continuous operation even if a component fails. This involves deploying components on multiple platforms for redundancy.
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Component Deployment Proximity
Component Deployment Proximity
Deploying components close to each other on the same or physically close platforms. This minimizes communication delays and improves efficiency.
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Component Deployment Requirements
Component Deployment Requirements
Components need to be deployed on platforms that meet their specific requirements, such as hardware architecture or software dependencies.
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Component Deployment
Component Deployment
The process of making software available for use on its intended platform. It involves installing and configuring the software.
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Reciprocal License (GPL)
Reciprocal License (GPL)
A software license that requires any code developed using the licensed open source software to also be open source. This encourages the free sharing of code and promotes collaboration.
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Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
A type of open-source license that allows developers to incorporate open source components into their own proprietary software without having to open-source their entire project.
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Non-reciprocal License (BSD)
Non-reciprocal License (BSD)
A software license that does not require developers to make their modifications or derived works open source. They can freely use open source code in their own proprietary software.
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Open Source License Management
Open Source License Management
A process of managing open source components used in software development, involving tracking licenses, understanding component evolution, and fostering awareness and community involvement.
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Inter-leaved Design and Implementation
Inter-leaved Design and Implementation
A software development approach where the design and implementation phases overlap and evolve concurrently. It emphasizes flexibility and adapting to changes in requirements.
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Object-Oriented Design
Object-Oriented Design
A common approach in software design that involves breaking down the system into objects, identifying their relationships, and defining their responsibilities.
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Object Models
Object Models
A representation of a system in software design that captures different aspects like classes, interfaces, relationships, and behavior.
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Component Interfaces
Component Interfaces
The detailed specifications of how components in a system interact, including data exchange formats and communication protocols.
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Implementation Issues
- Focus is on implementation issues, not programming, which are often overlooked in programming texts.
- Reuse: Modern software often reuses existing components or systems. Code reuse is important.
- Configuration Management: Managing changes to software throughout development is crucial. Track different versions in a system.
- Host-Target Development: Software development often occurs on one machine (the host) but runs on a separate machine (the target). This allows for separate development and execution environments
Reuse
- From the 1960s to the 1990s, most new software was developed from scratch utilizing high-level programming languages. Library functions and objects were also reused.
- Costs and time constraints made this approach unsuitable for commercial and internet-based systems.
- A new method emerged—reusing existing software for business and scientific applications.
Reuse Levels
- Abstraction: Reuse knowledge of successful abstractions to design software, not by directly reusing code.
- Object: Reuse objects from a library, writing code directly.
- Component: Reusing collections of objects and object classes in an application.
- System: Reusing entire application systems.
Software Reuse
- A diagram illustrating the various types of software reuse.
Reuse Costs
- Time spent finding and evaluating reusable software.
- Cost of purchasing reusable software. Which can be expensive for large, off-the-shelf systems.
- Costs of adapting and configuring reusable software. Adapting to match project requirements.
- Costs of integration if using different components. Integrating across various systems.
Configuration Management
- Configuration management is the general practice of managing a changing software system.
- Aim is to enable developers to easily access project code, find changes, and compile/link components into systems.
Configuration Management Activities
- Version Management: Keeping track of different versions of components; Version control systems coordinate development among multiple developers.
- System Integration: Developers define component versions for each version of a system for automated builds.
- Problem Tracking: Managing bugs and issues across the development team. Tracking who is assigned to and when are these issues resolved.
Configuration Management Tool Interaction
- A diagram that shows the interaction between configuration management tools.
Host-Target Development
- Usually, software is developed on one machine (host) but runs on another (target).
- Platforms are more than just hardware—they include operating systems and supporting software like databases or development environments.
- Development and execution platforms often have different software installed (including different architectures).
Development Platform Tools
- Integrated compiler and an editor to create, edit, and compile software.
- Debugging systems.
- Graphical editing tools (like UML model tools).
- Testing tools (like JUnit) that automate test runs.
- Project support tools to organize code across various projects.
Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
- Software development tools grouped into an IDE for various aspects of development.
- Common framework and user interface.
- Often tailored toward specific programming languages (like Java).
Component/System Deployment Factors
- Components often require specific hardware or software on a target machine to function properly.
- High availability systems need replication of components across platforms for robustness.
- Communication-intensive components should be on the same/nearby platforms to minimize latency.
Open Source Development
- An approach where source code for a software system is released and volunteers contribute to its development.
- Roots in the Free Software Foundation (promoting non-proprietary source code).
Open Source Systems
- Linux—widely used as a server and desktop environment.
- Java; Apache Web Server; MySQL Database Management System.
Open Source Issues
- Whether to use open source components in a new project.
- Whether to apply the open source development method to a software project.
Open Source Business
- Growing trend of product companies utilizing open source development.
- Business models focus on selling support, not on direct product sales.
- Advantages gained involve quicker and cheaper development, plus a larger user base.
Open Source Licensing
- Source code availability is crucial but does not mean unrestricted use of the code.
- Developers own the code, and they can include legal restrictions and conditions for use in the license.
- Some believe that new systems should match open source components; others allow proprietary systems to use their open source code.
License Models
- GNU General Public License (GPL): Reciprocal license meaning if using GPL software, you must also make your software open source.
- GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL): Variant of GPL, where linked components don't need to be open source.
- Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) License: Non-reciprocal, allowing code inclusion in proprietary systems without re-publishing.
License Management
- Systems for tracking open-source components.
- Understanding licensing of components before use.
- Awareness of component evolution paths.
- Educate staff about open source.
- Implement auditing systems.
- Participation in the open-source community.
Key Points
- Software design and implementation are intertwined.
- The level of detail in the design depends on the approach (plan-driven or agile) and type of system.
- Object-oriented design involves system architecture, object identification, design models, and interface description.
- Several models (static, dynamic, etc.) are used to describe the design process.
- Precise interface definition is key for interoperability among different objects/components.
- Reusability of existing software should always be considered.
- Configuration management is important for managing changes in evolving systems.
- Host-target development is a common practice.
- Utilizing open-source development makes the software public allowing modification and improvement possibilities from many people.
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