Software Implementation Issues

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of open source development?

  • To minimize the use of volunteers in development
  • To enforce restrictions on code modification
  • To create proprietary software products
  • To publish source code and invite community participation (correct)

What is included in a platform besides hardware?

  • Operating system and supporting software (correct)
  • Training materials and documentation
  • Hardware and user manuals
  • Only the operating system

What is one way open source projects extend their reach in development?

  • By using the Internet to recruit volunteer developers (correct)
  • Through the use of traditional marketing strategies
  • By limiting development to paid professionals
  • By prioritizing profit generation from software sales

Which tool is NOT typically found in a development platform environment?

<p>User experience research tool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is considered a best-known example of open source software?

<p>Linux Operating System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is becoming increasingly popular among product companies regarding software development?

<p>Adopting an open source approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?

<p>To support various aspects of software development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do companies typically generate revenue with open source products?

<p>Through selling support services for the product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High availability systems may require components to be deployed on how many platforms?

<p>Two or more platforms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental principle distinguishes open-source development from unrestricted code sharing?

<p>The developer retains ownership of the code (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a reason for deploying components on the same platform?

<p>To increase communication efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding development platforms?

<p>They may have different architectures compared to execution platforms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common concern regarding open source development?

<p>The marketing strategies for open source products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component would NOT be considered part of an IDE?

<p>A hardware testing framework (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Free Software Foundation advocate for in terms of source code?

<p>Source code should be available for modification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is it most beneficial to deploy components on platforms that are physically close to each other?

<p>When handling a high level of communications traffic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of configuration management in software development?

<p>To support the system integration process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cost associated with software reuse?

<p>Time spent developing new original software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does version management in configuration management primarily support?

<p>Keeping track of different versions of software components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of configuration management, what does 'problem tracking' provide support for?

<p>Reporting bugs and other problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes 'host-target development' in software?

<p>Developing software on one machine while running it on another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential activity of configuration management?

<p>Version management of software components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the costs associated with integrating reusable software elements?

<p>Integration costs can be significant, especially when using components from different sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major benefit of system integration in configuration management?

<p>It ensures all developers can access project resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement of the GNU General Public License (GPL)?

<p>Any software developed using GPL components must also be open source. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which open source license allows you to link to open source code without publishing the source of your own components?

<p>GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about BSD License is correct?

<p>It allows inclusion in proprietary systems without publishing changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key management practices for handling open-source components?

<p>Maintaining a system for information about the components used. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between software design and implementation?

<p>They are inter-leaved activities with varying detail levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In object-oriented design, which activity is essential for defining the structure of the system?

<p>Documenting the component interfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of having auditing systems in open-source software management?

<p>To ensure compliance with licensing and track component usage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the level of detail in the design phase of software development?

<p>The type of system and development approach used. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of modern software development mentioned?

<p>Reusing existing components or systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of configuration management in software development?

<p>To keep track of different versions of software components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In host-target development, where does the production software usually execute?

<p>On a separate target system computer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized software development from the 1960s to the 1990s?

<p>Developing software entirely from scratch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the object level of reuse?

<p>Directly reusing objects from a library (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of reuse involves utilizing collections of objects?

<p>Component level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has driven the shift from scratch-based software development to reuse?

<p>High costs and schedule pressures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which level of reuse do developers not directly reuse software but instead leverage successful abstractions?

<p>Abstraction level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Configuration Management

The process of managing changes in a software system.

Software Reuse

Reusing existing software components in new systems, saving time and effort.

Reuse Costs

Costs associated with finding, acquiring, adapting, and integrating reusable software components.

Version Management

A system that keeps track of different versions of software components, helping to coordinate development.

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System Integration

A process that defines which components are used to create a system, allowing for automatic system building.

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Problem Tracking

A feature that allows users to report bugs and problems, enabling developers to track and fix them.

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Host-Target Development

The development of software on a computer (host) that will run on a different machine (target).

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Configuration Management Tools

Tools used to manage configurations, including version management, system integration, and problem tracking.

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Open Source Development

A software development approach where the source code is publicly available and volunteers contribute to its development.

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Free Software Foundation (FSF)

A non-profit organization that advocates for freely available and modifiable source code, promoting transparency and user control.

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Open Source Software (OSS)

A software development method using the Internet to involve a large community of volunteer developers, often users of the software they contribute to.

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Linux Operating System

A widely used open-source operating system known for its reliability and security, often used as a server system and increasingly as a desktop environment.

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Java

A widely used programming language and development platform known for its versatility and portability, often used for web applications and enterprise software.

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Apache Web Server

A popular open-source web server used to host websites and web applications, known for its performance and stability.

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MySQL Database Management System

An open-source database management system, known for its efficiency and scalability, often used for large-scale websites and web applications.

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Open Source Business Model

A business model where companies rely on providing support and services for open-source software instead of selling the software itself.

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Host System

The development environment where software is created, often distinct from the environment where it will be executed.

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Target System

The environment where the software will ultimately run after it's developed. This can be a different computer or platform.

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Object Level Reuse

Reusing existing software components, like functions or objects, from libraries within a programming language. This promotes efficiency and consistency.

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System Level Reuse

Reusing entire application systems, which can be powerful but requires careful consideration of compatibility and integration.

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Component-Based Development

An approach to software development that emphasizes the use of reusable components, aiming to reduce development time and improve quality.

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Abstraction Level Reuse

Applying knowledge of successful abstractions from past software projects to design new software. This focuses on high-level concepts and principles.

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Development Platform

The environment where software development occurs. It consists of hardware, operating system, and tools like database management systems and IDEs.

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Execution Platform

The environment where software runs after being developed. It could have different hardware, operating system, and software compared to the development platform.

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Development Platform Tools

Tools used for creating, editing, and compiling code. They support software development processes.

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Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Software tools grouped together to provide a comprehensive development environment. It simplifies the development process by integrating several features.

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High Availability

Ensuring a system's continuous operation even if a component fails. This involves deploying components on multiple platforms for redundancy.

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Component Deployment Proximity

Deploying components close to each other on the same or physically close platforms. This minimizes communication delays and improves efficiency.

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Component Deployment Requirements

Components need to be deployed on platforms that meet their specific requirements, such as hardware architecture or software dependencies.

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Component Deployment

The process of making software available for use on its intended platform. It involves installing and configuring the software.

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Reciprocal License (GPL)

A software license that requires any code developed using the licensed open source software to also be open source. This encourages the free sharing of code and promotes collaboration.

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Lesser General Public License (LGPL)

A type of open-source license that allows developers to incorporate open source components into their own proprietary software without having to open-source their entire project.

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Non-reciprocal License (BSD)

A software license that does not require developers to make their modifications or derived works open source. They can freely use open source code in their own proprietary software.

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Open Source License Management

A process of managing open source components used in software development, involving tracking licenses, understanding component evolution, and fostering awareness and community involvement.

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Inter-leaved Design and Implementation

A software development approach where the design and implementation phases overlap and evolve concurrently. It emphasizes flexibility and adapting to changes in requirements.

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Object-Oriented Design

A common approach in software design that involves breaking down the system into objects, identifying their relationships, and defining their responsibilities.

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Object Models

A representation of a system in software design that captures different aspects like classes, interfaces, relationships, and behavior.

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Component Interfaces

The detailed specifications of how components in a system interact, including data exchange formats and communication protocols.

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Study Notes

Implementation Issues

  • Focus is on implementation issues, not programming, which are often overlooked in programming texts.
  • Reuse: Modern software often reuses existing components or systems. Code reuse is important.
  • Configuration Management: Managing changes to software throughout development is crucial. Track different versions in a system.
  • Host-Target Development: Software development often occurs on one machine (the host) but runs on a separate machine (the target). This allows for separate development and execution environments

Reuse

  • From the 1960s to the 1990s, most new software was developed from scratch utilizing high-level programming languages. Library functions and objects were also reused.
  • Costs and time constraints made this approach unsuitable for commercial and internet-based systems.
  • A new method emerged—reusing existing software for business and scientific applications.

Reuse Levels

  • Abstraction: Reuse knowledge of successful abstractions to design software, not by directly reusing code.
  • Object: Reuse objects from a library, writing code directly.
  • Component: Reusing collections of objects and object classes in an application.
  • System: Reusing entire application systems.

Software Reuse

  • A diagram illustrating the various types of software reuse.

Reuse Costs

  • Time spent finding and evaluating reusable software.
  • Cost of purchasing reusable software. Which can be expensive for large, off-the-shelf systems.
  • Costs of adapting and configuring reusable software. Adapting to match project requirements.
  • Costs of integration if using different components. Integrating across various systems.

Configuration Management

  • Configuration management is the general practice of managing a changing software system.
  • Aim is to enable developers to easily access project code, find changes, and compile/link components into systems.

Configuration Management Activities

  • Version Management: Keeping track of different versions of components; Version control systems coordinate development among multiple developers.
  • System Integration: Developers define component versions for each version of a system for automated builds.
  • Problem Tracking: Managing bugs and issues across the development team. Tracking who is assigned to and when are these issues resolved.

Configuration Management Tool Interaction

  • A diagram that shows the interaction between configuration management tools.

Host-Target Development

  • Usually, software is developed on one machine (host) but runs on another (target).
  • Platforms are more than just hardware—they include operating systems and supporting software like databases or development environments.
  • Development and execution platforms often have different software installed (including different architectures).

Development Platform Tools

  • Integrated compiler and an editor to create, edit, and compile software.
  • Debugging systems.
  • Graphical editing tools (like UML model tools).
  • Testing tools (like JUnit) that automate test runs.
  • Project support tools to organize code across various projects.

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

  • Software development tools grouped into an IDE for various aspects of development.
  • Common framework and user interface.
  • Often tailored toward specific programming languages (like Java).

Component/System Deployment Factors

  • Components often require specific hardware or software on a target machine to function properly.
  • High availability systems need replication of components across platforms for robustness.
  • Communication-intensive components should be on the same/nearby platforms to minimize latency.

Open Source Development

  • An approach where source code for a software system is released and volunteers contribute to its development.
  • Roots in the Free Software Foundation (promoting non-proprietary source code).

Open Source Systems

  • Linux—widely used as a server and desktop environment.
  • Java; Apache Web Server; MySQL Database Management System.

Open Source Issues

  • Whether to use open source components in a new project.
  • Whether to apply the open source development method to a software project.

Open Source Business

  • Growing trend of product companies utilizing open source development.
  • Business models focus on selling support, not on direct product sales.
  • Advantages gained involve quicker and cheaper development, plus a larger user base.

Open Source Licensing

  • Source code availability is crucial but does not mean unrestricted use of the code.
  • Developers own the code, and they can include legal restrictions and conditions for use in the license.
  • Some believe that new systems should match open source components; others allow proprietary systems to use their open source code.

License Models

  • GNU General Public License (GPL): Reciprocal license meaning if using GPL software, you must also make your software open source.
  • GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL): Variant of GPL, where linked components don't need to be open source.
  • Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) License: Non-reciprocal, allowing code inclusion in proprietary systems without re-publishing.

License Management

  • Systems for tracking open-source components.
  • Understanding licensing of components before use.
  • Awareness of component evolution paths.
  • Educate staff about open source.
  • Implement auditing systems.
  • Participation in the open-source community.

Key Points

  • Software design and implementation are intertwined.
  • The level of detail in the design depends on the approach (plan-driven or agile) and type of system.
  • Object-oriented design involves system architecture, object identification, design models, and interface description.
  • Several models (static, dynamic, etc.) are used to describe the design process.
  • Precise interface definition is key for interoperability among different objects/components.
  • Reusability of existing software should always be considered.
  • Configuration management is important for managing changes in evolving systems.
  • Host-target development is a common practice.
  • Utilizing open-source development makes the software public allowing modification and improvement possibilities from many people.

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