Software Estimation Quiz: Function Point Method
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Function Point Method in software estimation?

  • To measure the overall size of the software project in terms of data storage.
  • To estimate the cost and effort required for developing a software project based on its functional requirements. (correct)
  • To assess the complexity of the software architecture.
  • To calculate the number of lines of code in a software project.

    • Which estimation method is generally considered most accurate based on its combination of weighting and relational approaches?

  • Use Case Point 3.0 Method
  • Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO)
  • Function Point Method (correct)
  • Object Point Method

    • Which of the following is NOT a recognized category of functional requirements (LFs) used in the Function Point Method?

  • Interface (correct)
  • Output
  • Query
  • Input

    • What is the purpose of the 'input' category in the Function Point Method?

    <p>To provide data from the user to the software system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these methods is used for early, rough estimates?

    <p>Analogy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of bottom-up estimation?

    <p>Relies on detailed analysis of individual project components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Function Point Method, which of these options is chosen when the primary purpose is to calculate and display information to the user?

    <p>Output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Function Point Method was developed by:

    <p>IBM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between quality requirements and effort?

    <p>Higher quality requirements result in a direct increase in effort. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences human productivity in software development?

    <p>Project budget (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes Brook's Law?

    <p>Adding more team members to a late project always makes it later. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why adding more team members to a late project can make it later?

    <p>Increased communication overhead. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a comparison method for software estimation?

    <p>Sampling method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common key figure method used for software estimation?

    <p>Sampling method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a bottom-up estimation strategy?

    <p>Estimating project effort based on the effort required for each individual task. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a bottom-up estimation strategy?

    <p>It is more accurate than other estimation methods because it takes into account the details of each task. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would you use a 'database' for product data requirements?

    <p>When the data needs to be updated with new information, like customer information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a 'query' in the context of software estimation?

    <p>To retrieve raw data without performing calculations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor determining the complexity of a product requirement?

    <p>The number of pieces of information involved and their sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are 'Function Points' calculated in software estimation?

    <p>Through a combination of intuitive scoring and evaluation of influencing factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are 'personnel expenses' estimated based on Function Points in software estimation?

    <p>By using a pre-defined table or curve that reflects the relationship between Function Points and man-months. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to update empirical data used for software estimation?

    <p>To improve the accuracy and reliability of future estimations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'User Stories' in Agile estimation?

    <p>Independent units of work used to estimate software features. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does 'Story Point' estimation differ from 'day' estimation in Agile?

    <p>Story Points estimate the complexity of a task, while days estimate the time required to complete it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following authentication methods is considered a form of multi-factor authentication?

    <p>Biometric authentication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of authorization in a security system?

    <p>Determining a user's access permissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of security, what does hashing do to a password?

    <p>Converts the password into a one-way, irreversible string (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about HTTP Basic Authentication?

    <p>It uses Base64 encoding to transmit username and password. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using server-side sessions and session cookies for authentication?

    <p>They eliminate the need for username and password input on subsequent requests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these authentication methods is used in Spring Boot's default configuration?

    <p>HTTP Basic Authentication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key limitation of HTTP Basic Authentication in terms of security?

    <p>It does not use encryption or hashing for password security. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between authentication and authorization?

    <p>Authentication is a prerequisite for authorization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between basic SELECT statements in JPQL and SQL?

    <p>JPQL requires aliases for SELECT statements, while SQL does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be directly accessed in JPQL queries, unlike in standard SQL queries?

    <p>Attributes of attributes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using JPQL queries compared to predefined SQL statements?

    <p>JPQL queries are easier to read and understand, especially for developers who are not familiar with SQL. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are query parameters handled in JPQL queries?

    <p>They are automatically assigned values based on their position in the query. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using @Query annotation for defining queries?

    <p>It allows for complex queries that cannot be implemented using derived queries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what does the term "Crudrepo" refer to?

    <p>A Spring Boot feature for handling data persistence in applications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using JpaRepository in Spring Boot applications?

    <p>To offer basic methods for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the extra methods offered by JpaRepository, that the Crudrepo does not have?

    <p>Methods for flushing pending tasks to the database and deleting records in a batch. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided content, which of these factors are NOT directly considered in the 'Devil's Square' concept?

    <p>The cost of the software to the customer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a direct consequence of the 'Devil's Square' concept?

    <p>Companies should strive to always operate at a higher level of productivity in software development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about traditional software estimation based on lines of code (LOC)?

    <p>LOC is NOT a reliable metric for estimating software complexity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these reasons explains why LOC is NOT considered a reliable metric for software estimation?

    <p>Lines of code are not always a good measure of functionality, as one developer's 10 lines can achieve the same as another's 100. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key assumption made about productivity within the 'Devil's Square' concept?

    <p>Productivity remains relatively consistent for a given organization and resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors is considered more reliable for software estimation in the early stages of a project?

    <p>Determining the functional scope of the project. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a valid reason why LOC may be a poor metric for measuring the value of code?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of applying excessive pressure to a development team?

    <p>Decreased productivity due to decreased morale and burnout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IT Support for Business Applications

    • A business application can be defined as the totality of application software, associated data, and the hardware, system software, and communication facilities required for its use.
    • Management Information Systems (MIS) utilize internal & external data (e.g., market research, statistics, online databases) combined into a flexible form (e.g., data warehouse).
    • Business applications can either support existing operational processes or enable new products/services (e.g., e-commerce, mobile payments, digital health apps).

    Adaptation Techniques for Standard Business Software

    • Configuration: Defines compulsory settings for initial deployment, enabling individual variations of standard software.
    • Extension: Allows for optional functionalities and mapping of unforeseen requirements, implemented by manufacturers to enhance services.
    • Coupling: Connects external systems of different manufacturers or the same type via predefined data formats, APIs, or communication protocols.

    Requirements Engineering

    • A vast majority of IT projects are not completed on time, within budget, or at all.
    • Incomplete requirements are a significant cause of project failures.
    • Requirements engineering focuses on elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation of software projects.
    • Requirements define the needs and constraints of the software project. Functional & non-functional requirements together constrain the solution space.
    • Requirements specification (Lastenheft) details customer desires, while functional specification (Pflichtenheft) outlines the system's observable behavior acting as a contractual basis.
    • Requirements engineering should comprise roughly 30% of a software project's total effort.

    Requirements Engineering in Scrum

    • While the Scrum Guide doesn't explicitly mention requirements engineering, understanding customer needs is crucial.
    • Common requirements engineering artifacts in agile contexts include use cases, scenarios, UML diagrams, and prototypes.

    Software Estimation

    • Software estimation defines the budget & timeframe needed to deliver a product.
    • Accurate estimation is essential for contract negotiations.
    • Agile contexts involve multiple estimation points throughout the development process using metrics like lines of code, LOC per month, or LOC per year, and the team's estimated individual programming productivity.
    • Factors like quality, functionality, and reliability are key variables in evaluating the optimal size of a team and its expected delivery time.

    Software Estimation Methods

    • Comparison methods: Based on the analysis of already completed projects with similar characteristics (analogy, relation, and percentage methods).
    • Algorithmic methods: Utilize mathematical models (statistical models), like the Function Point Method, to estimate software effort.
    • Sampling methods: Extrapolate the cost of individual units or project phases (multiplication and percentage methods).

    Categorization of Product Requirements

    • Functional Requirements: Input, output, or query requests.
    • Product Data Requirements: Database or references (read-only or those with continuous updating needed).

    Application Architecture

    • Layered architectures: Partition software components into layers.
    • Tiered architectures: Define a physical partitioning of software components into different process spaces.
    • Client-server architectures: A common example of a tiered architecture where the client sends requests to a server, receiving responses.

    Software Design Patterns & Libraries

    • Libraries: Reusable modules or components extending functionality through their API.
    • Frameworks: Provide partially finished system with specific architecture, enabling quicker development through augmenting it with application-specific code.
    • Inversion of Control: The framework acts as a director controlling the process while the application code works as the actor, following instructions.
    • Dependency Injection: A design pattern enabling independent construction & use of objects, improving code maintainability.

    Database Transactions and persistence

    • Database Transactions: Adhere to the ACID properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability for reliable data management.
    • JPA (Java Persistence API): A standard API for managing persistent data and includes tools like Hibernate (a framework enabling SQL-like operations).
    • Object-Relational Mapping (ORM): A technique to convert and manage object-based data into a database's relational table structure.
    • JDBC: A tool enabling the interaction between Java Code and various types of databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, H2, etc.

    Persistence Associations

    • @OneToOne: One-to-one mapping between entities
    • @OneToMany / @ManyToOne: One-to-Many or Many-to-One mappings.
    • @Inheritance: Strategies for representing object inheritance (in a database).
    • MappedSuperClass / TablePerClass: Strategies to map object inheritance to database tables.
    • Query languages: Tools to access stored data from the database. QueryDSL and JPQL are widely used.

    Security Engineering

    • Core principles: Confidentiality, Integrity, Accessibility (CIA triad), and non-repudiation.
    • Authentication and Authorization methods.
    • Password management (never storing in plain text).
    • Vulnerabilities in web APIs.

    Software Estimation Methodology

    • Techniques like Analogy methods, Relation methods, Weighting methods, comparison methods are used when quantifying estimations. Data from previous projects with corresponding parameters and/or features is essential to produce reliable results.

    Use of Application-Specific Tags

    • Tags within the application are essential in cases when a generic set of parameters cannot be employed.

    Other Considerations

    • Typical application architecture includes layers (e.g., presentation layer, business logic layer, and data layer).
    • Frameworks aid in quicker development by providing shared functions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the Function Point Method, a key technique in software estimation. This quiz covers its primary purposes, categories of functional requirements, and various estimation methods. Enhance your understanding of software development methodologies and estimation accuracy.

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