Software Engineering Diversity Overview
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What is a key benefit of software reuse in web-based systems?

  • It allows for faster development by assembling pre-existing components. (correct)
  • It reduces costs by preventing overtime work.
  • It eliminates the need for testing.
  • It guarantees that all components will be compatible.

    • Which approach is considered impractical for defining requirements in web-based systems?

  • Incremental Development
  • Agile Development
  • Service-oriented Development
  • Full specification upfront (correct)

    • What should software engineers uphold to be respected as professionals?

  • Only follow the law.
  • Always prioritize corporate interests.
  • Engage in morally correct ethical behavior. (correct)
  • Avoid communicating confidential information.

    • Which of the following best describes service-oriented systems?

    <p>They use stand-alone web services as software components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do AJAX and HTML5 primarily support in web-based software development?

    <p>Developing rich web interfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant change in the approach to developing web-based systems?

    <p>Focusing on incremental delivery of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes stand-alone applications?

    <p>They operate on a local computer with all necessary functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is managing software specifications crucial?

    <p>It ensures that developers know what the software should accomplish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of software system typically processes large amounts of data at once?

    <p>Batch processing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of cloud computing?

    <p>Users pay based on usage rather than ownership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes interactive transaction-based applications from other types?

    <p>They are accessed remotely from user PCs or terminals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems is likely to be found in wearable devices?

    <p>Embedded control systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of systems for modeling and simulation?

    <p>They model physical processes involving multiple interacting objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of software system development, what is crucial for ensuring performance and dependability?

    <p>Employing a managed and understood development process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of data collection systems?

    <p>They gather data from the environment using sensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software system is composed of several other software systems?

    <p>Systems of systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of configuration services in an educational environment?

    <p>To adapt the environment with specific application services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT part of the software process?

    <p>Marketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes independent services in an educational setting?

    <p>They operate independently and require user actions for data sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the products of the software process Model?

    <p>An outcome derived from a process activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is involved in checking that the system meets customer requirements?

    <p>Validation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the software process, what do roles represent?

    <p>The responsibilities of individuals involved in the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the evolution phase of the software process entail?

    <p>Changing the system in response to customer needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes process pre-conditions?

    <p>They are true before a process activity is initiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of information does the administrative reporting system provide?

    <p>The number of patients treated at each clinic and their medication costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of system testing?

    <p>To assess the overall functionality of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to maintain confidentiality of patient information?

    <p>To protect patients' privacy from unauthorized disclosure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the weather station system?

    <p>To collect weather data and transmit it to the data management system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of testing involves the evaluation of emergent properties?

    <p>System testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the system ensure safety regarding potentially dangerous patients?

    <p>By warning medical staff about suicidal or dangerous patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of changes in large software projects?

    <p>Higher costs due to rework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the data management and archiving system do?

    <p>Collects data from weather stations and carries out data processing and archiving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the costs of software rework be reduced?

    <p>By anticipating changes before significant rework is needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary weather parameters measured by the wilderness weather stations?

    <p>Wind speed, direction, temperature, pressure, and rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does change tolerance in software development involve?

    <p>Implementing changes in small, manageable increments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acceptance testing?

    <p>Verifying the system meets customer needs with real data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary condition for the system to prescribe medication correctly to patients?

    <p>The system must be accessible and operational as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of component testing?

    <p>It tests individual functions or groups of functions independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the wilderness weather station system?

    <p>A communication system for family interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it increasingly irrelevant to demarcate development from maintenance in software evolution?

    <p>Software evolves continuously alongside changing business needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Software Engineering Diversity

    • There are many different types of software systems, ranging from small embedded systems to large-scale cloud-based systems.
    • There is no single set of software engineering techniques that applies to all types of systems.
    • The techniques and tools used depend on the application type, customer requirements, and the development team's background.

    Application Types

    • Stand-alone applications run on a local computer and don't require a network connection.
    • Interactive transaction-based applications run on a remote computer and are accessed by users through their own PCs or terminals.
    • Embedded control systems control and manage hardware devices.
    • Batch processing systems process large amounts of data in batches, often for business purposes.
    • Entertainment systems are primarily for personal use and entertainment.
    • Systems for modeling and simulation model physical processes or situations for scientific and engineering purposes.
    • Data collection systems collect data from their environment using sensors and send it to other systems for processing.
    • Systems of systems are composed of multiple software systems.

    Software Engineering Fundamentals

    • Software systems should be developed using a managed and understood development process.
    • Dependability and performance are critical for all types of software systems.
    • It's crucial to understand and manage software specifications and requirements.
    • Software reuse is encouraged whenever possible to avoid unnecessary development.

    Internet Software Engineering

    • The web is a platform for running applications, and organizations increasingly favor web-based systems over local ones.
    • Web services allow application functionality to be accessed through the web.
    • Cloud computing provides computer services remotely, where users pay based on usage instead of purchasing software.

    Web-Based Software Engineering

    • Web-based systems are complex distributed systems, and fundamental software engineering principles still apply.
    • Software reuse, incremental and agile development, service-oriented systems, and rich interfaces are key aspects of web-based software engineering.

    Web Software Engineering

    • Software reuse is the dominant approach for building web-based systems, assembling them from existing components and systems.
    • Incremental and agile development are favored, recognizing the impracticality of defining all requirements upfront due to the rapidly evolving nature of web-based systems.
    • Service-oriented systems implement software using standalone web services.
    • Rich interfaces leverage technologies like AJAX and HTML5 to create engaging user experiences within web browsers.

    Software Engineering Ethics

    • Software engineers must behave honestly and ethically to maintain professional respect.
    • Ethical behavior goes beyond adhering to the law and involves following morally correct principles.

    Issues of Professional Responsibility

    • Confidentiality: Engineers should respect the confidentiality of their employers or clients, regardless of formal agreements.
    • Safety: Systems should be designed with safety in mind, minimizing risks associated with potential errors or misuse.
    • Privacy: Patient information, for example, should be confidential and only accessible to authorized individuals.
    • Availability: Systems should be reliable and available when needed to avoid compromising critical functions.

    Illustrations

    • Mentcare: A mental health care system with various functions such as administrative reporting, patient record management, safety warnings, and medication management.
    • iLearn: A learning platform with integrated and independent services, offering access to educational content, configuration options, and communication features.

    The Software Process

    • It is a structured set of activities for developing a software system.
    • All software processes involve:
      • Specification (defining what the system should do)
      • Design and implementation (defining the system organization and implementing it)
      • Validation (checking if it meets customer requirements)
      • Evolution (modifying the system to meet evolving needs)

    Software Process Model

    • An abstract representation of a process.
    • It describes a process from a particular perspective.
    • Includes:
      • Products (outcomes of process activities)
      • Roles (responsibilities of people involved)
      • Pre-and post-conditions (statements true before and after an activity)

    Software Testing

    • A critical verification and validation (V&V) activity.
    • System testing involves executing the system with test cases based on real data.
    • Stages of testing:
      • Component testing: Individual components are tested independently.
      • System testing: The entire system is tested, focusing on emergent properties.
      • Acceptance testing: Customer testing using real data to ensure system meets needs.

    Software Evolution

    • Software is inherently flexible and can change.
    • As requirements evolve, the software supporting them needs to adapt.
    • The line between development and evolution is blurring as fewer systems are completely new.

    Coping with Change

    • Change is inevitable in large software projects due to:
      • Business changes
      • New technologies
      • Changing platforms

    Reducing the Costs of Rework

    • Change anticipation: Including activities that anticipate possible changes in the process to minimize rework.
    • Change tolerance: Designing a process to accommodate changes at low cost.

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    Related Documents

    Software-Engineering-Modules-1-and-2-Reviewer.pdf

    Description

    Explore the various types of software applications, from stand-alone to embedded systems. Understand how different techniques and tools are suited for diverse software engineering challenges. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts necessary for grasping software diversity and its implications in engineering.

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