Software Engineering Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What type of task is direct manipulation suitable for?

Doing types of tasks (correct)
Requesting music/TV or learning
Repetitive tasks
Finding out information

What is an interface style?

A type of conceptual model
A type of interaction type
The kind of interface used to support the interaction (correct)
A description of what a person is doing when interacting with a system

What is a conceptual model?

A type of interaction type
A description of what a person is doing when interacting with a system
A type of interface style
A general approach adopted by a community for carrying out research (correct)

What is a paradigm in HCI?

A general approach adopted by a community for carrying out research (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a paradigm in HCI?

Pervasive computing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an interaction type?

A description of what a person is doing when interacting with a system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in HCI?

A societal problem that HCI needs to address (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a challenge in HCI?

Sustainable development goals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of using interface metaphors in design?

It makes learning new systems easier. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an interface metaphor based on an object?

A shopping cart icon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem with using interface metaphors?

It can conflict with design principles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a conceptual model instantiated at the interface?

The desktop metaphor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the 'instructing' interaction type?

Telling a system what to do (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of interface metaphors in terms of innovation?

They can enable apps to be made more accessible to a greater diversity of people. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem with using interface metaphors in terms of design?

They can constrain designers in the way that they conceptualize a problem space. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an interface metaphor based on an activity?

Surfing the Web (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a problem with using interface metaphors in terms of scalability?

They often don't scale very well, especially when trying to describe how complex systems work. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the 'manipulating' interaction type?

Interacting with objects in a virtual or physical space (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conceptualizing design in the initial stages of a design project?

To scrutinize vague ideas and assumptions about the benefits of the proposed product and user experience (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with the mobile robot server design example?

How it would need to move to appear to be talking (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of server is preferable and why?

Automated robot server, because it saves waiters' time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of the automated robot server design?

It saves waiters' time (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main problem with the mobile robot server design?

It is not feasible (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conceptualizing design?

To scrutinize vague ideas and assumptions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of the mobile robot server design?

It can entertain customers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the automated robot server design preferable?

It addresses a real-world problem (A) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Interaction Types and Interface Styles

Direct manipulation is suitable for tasks that involve designing, drawing, flying, driving, or sizing windows.
Issuing instructions is suitable for repetitive tasks, such as spell-checking and file management.
Conversing is suitable for finding out information, requesting music/TV, or learning.
Hybrid conceptual models support multiple ways of carrying out the same actions.

Interaction Types and Interface Styles (continued)

Interaction types describe what a person is doing when interacting with a system, such as instructing, talking, browsing, or responding.
Interface styles refer to the kind of interface used to support the interaction, such as command, menu-based, gesture, or voice.

Interface Styles

Many interface styles are available, including:
- Command
- Speech
- Data-entry
- Form fill-in
- Query
- Graphical
- Web
- Pen
- Augmented reality
- Gesture

Conceptual Knowledge

Paradigms inspire conceptual models and guide research, involving shared assumptions, concepts, values, and practices.
Examples of paradigms in HCI include:
- Ubiquitous computing
- Pervasive computing
- Wearable computing
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence

Challenges and Conceptualizing Design

Challenges in conceptualizing design include scrutinizing vague ideas and assumptions about benefits, feasibility, and desirability.
Conceptualizing design involves considering many unknowns in the initial stages of a design project, especially for new products.
Examples of design concepts include a mobile robot server and an automated robot server.

Conceptual Models

Conceptual models describe the underlying concepts and principles of a system.
Good conceptual models are simple and intuitive to use.
Interface metaphors can be based on activity, object, or a combination of both, and can be innovative and accessible.

Interface Metaphors

Interface metaphors are designs that resemble physical entities and have their own properties.
Examples of interface metaphors include the desktop metaphor, web portals, and search engines.
Benefits of interface metaphors include easier learning, intuitive understanding, and innovation.
However, interface metaphors can also have limitations, such as constraining designers, conflicting with design principles, and not scaling well.

Activity

Describe the components of the conceptual model underlying online shopping websites, including:
- Shopping cart
- Proceeding to check-out
- 1-click
- Gift wrapping
- Cash register