Software Engineering Chapter 7

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Questions and Answers

What stage in the software engineering process develops an executable software system?

  • Testing
  • Requirement Gathering
  • Deployment
  • Design and Implementation (correct)

Software design is primarily a mechanical activity focused solely on coding.

False (B)

What is a fundamental principle of open-source development?

  • Source code should be freely available (correct)
  • Open source software is always free of charge
  • Source code should be kept confidential
  • Developers cannot place restrictions on code usage

What does COTS stand for in the context of software systems?

<p>Commercial Off-The-Shelf</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anyone can do whatever they wish with open source code without any restrictions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the object-oriented design process, the first step involves defining the ______ and modes of use of the system.

<p>context</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their common activities:

<p>Define the context = Understand how the system will be used Design the system architecture = Create a high-level structure of the system Identify the principal system objects = Determine key entities in the system Develop design models = Create representations of the system components</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered during the software development process regarding existing software?

<p>The possibility of reusing existing software</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benefits does buying off-the-shelf systems provide?

<p>Cheaper and faster development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In open source licensing, the developer retains ownership of the code and can impose __________ on its use.

<p>restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of software design and implementation with their descriptions:

<p>Software design = Involves designing system architecture and identifying objects Open source development = Making the source code publicly available Object-oriented design = Using different models to describe design Licensing = Placing legally binding conditions on code usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

The design process for small systems requires extensive development of models.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of specifying object interfaces in the object-oriented design process?

<p>To define how different system objects interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an element of pattern descriptions?

<p>Debugging techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Open source development encourages proprietary software practices.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most well-known open source product?

<p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

In open source development, the source code of a software system is __________.

<p>published</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the open source products with their primary functionalities:

<p>Linux = Operating system Java = Programming language Apache = Web server mySQL = Database management system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of configuration management in software development?

<p>Managing software versioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Production software typically runs on the same computer as the development environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of implementation issues in software development?

<p>Reuse of existing components</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a system context model?

<p>To depict other systems in the environment of the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An interaction model is a static model that describes how the system interacts with its environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the iterative process in object identification?

<p>It involves repeated attempts to identify object classes until the correct ones are found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A design pattern is a way of reusing abstract knowledge about a problem and its ______.

<p>solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following design model types with their descriptions:

<p>Structural models = Describe static structure of the system Dynamic models = Describe interactions between objects Subsystem models = Show logical groupings of objects Sequence models = Show the sequence of object interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which architectural pattern may be used in system component organization?

<p>Layered model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Design models only describe the static structure of a system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a dynamic design model?

<p>State machine model</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Software design and implementation

The stage in software development where an executable system is built. Involves both designing software components and their relationships, and implementing the design as code.

Off-the-shelf systems (COTS)

Ready-made systems that can be adapted to meet user needs. Can be cheaper and faster than custom development.

Structured object-oriented design processes

Object-oriented design processes use multiple system models to structure the design. These models can help with large projects, but may be too complex for smaller ones.

Context and modes of use

The context of the system and how it will be used. Understanding how users will interact with the system.

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System architecture

The overall structure of the system, including how its components connect and interact.

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Principal system objects

Identifying the key components of the system, often represented as objects in object-oriented design.

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Developing design models

Creating visual representations of the system's design, such as diagrams or models, to communicate the design.

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Specify object interfaces

Defining how different parts of the system interact with each other, including data input and output.

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System Context Model

A structural model that shows the other systems surrounding a system being developed. It highlights the interactions between the target system and its environment.

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Interaction Model

A dynamic model that depicts how a system interacts with its environment during operation. It shows how the system uses its environment.

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Architectural Design

A conceptual model that defines the main components of the system and their relationships. It's a high-level blueprint of the system's structure.

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Object Class Identification

Identifying object classes (data structures) within a system is a crucial step in object-oriented design. It helps to model the system's structure and behavior.

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Design Models

Visual representations of the system's structure (objects, relationships) and how objects interact.

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Design Pattern

A reusable design solution pattern that offers a general approach to resolving a recurring design problem.

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Sequence Model

A design model representing how objects in the system interact in a specific sequence.

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State Machine Model

A design model illustrating how an individual object changes state in response to various events.

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Open source licensing

Software development where source code is freely available, but the developer can restrict usage by including legally binding conditions in an open source software license.

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Open source development

A software development approach where the source code is made publicly available, often with the goal of collaborative development and community involvement.

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Software reuse

A design principle where software components are created to be reusable and interchangeable, facilitating faster development and easier maintenance.

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Object models

Different visual representations of software components and their relationships, used to communicate design choices and facilitate understanding.

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Linux

A major open-source operating system, widely used in servers and increasingly on desktops. It's a free alternative to Windows and macOS.

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Configuration Management

A system used to manage and track different versions of software components during development. It's like a library for code, keeping all the different updates and revisions organized.

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Host-Target Development

The process of developing software on one computer (host) and then running it on another computer (target). It's like writing a letter on a laptop and then sending it to a printer.

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Polymorphism

The ability of a software object to assume different forms or behaviors based on the context. It's like a chameleon changing color to blend in with its surroundings.

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Inheritance

The ability of a software object to inherit characteristics and behaviors from its parent. It's like passing down family traits from generation to generation.

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Study Notes

Chapter 7 - Design and Implementation

  • Software design and implementation is the stage in the software engineering process where an executable software system is developed.
  • Software design and implementation activities are invariably inter-leaved.
  • Software design is creative, identifying software components and their relationships, based on customer requirements.
  • Implementation is realizing the design as a program.
  • COTS (off-the-shelf systems) can be adapted to user needs
  • Implementing a medical records system as an example, using COTS systems can be faster and cheaper compared to development in a conventional programming language.
  • Design using COTS needs understanding of configuration features.
  • Structured object-oriented design uses many system models, requiring significant development and maintenance effort, and may not be cost-effective for small systems.
  • Large systems developed by different groups rely on design models as communication mechanisms.
  • Common activities in object-oriented design processes include defining the system's context, defining modes of use, designing the system architecture, identifying principal objects, creating design models, and specifying interfaces.
  • System context models are structural, showing the other systems in the environment.
  • Interaction models are dynamic, demonstrating how the system interacts with its environment.
  • Architectural design involves identifying major components and interactions.
  • Architectural patterns, like layered or client-server, can organize components.
  • Object class identification is often difficult
  • There's no 'magic formula', relying on the skill, experience, and domain knowledge of system designers.
  • Object identification is an iterative process.
  • Design models show objects, classes, and relationships.
  • Structural models describe the static structure of the system in terms of classes and relationships.
  • Dynamic models describe the interactions between objects.
  • Examples of design models include subsystem models (logical groupings), sequence models (sequences of interactions), and state machine models (how individual objects react to events).
  • Design patterns reuse abstract knowledge of problem and solution.
  • A design pattern is a description of the problem and the essence of its solution.
  • Patterns should be sufficiently abstract to be reusable.
  • Descriptions use object-oriented characteristics like inheritance and polymorphism.
  • Pattern elements include a name, problem description, solution description, and consequences (results and trade-offs of use).
  • Implementation issues focus on aspects outside programming, including reuse of existing components, configuration management (tracking versions), and host-target development (development on one system, execution on another).
  • Open source development publishes source code, allowing volunteers to participate.
  • Open source code is rooted in the Free Software Foundation (www.fsf.org), advocating that source code should be accessible and modifiable.
  • Linux is a well-known example of an open-source operating system.
  • Other important open-source products include Java, the Apache web server, and the MySQL database management system.
  • Some product companies use open-source development for cost-effectiveness, speed, and community building.
  • A fundamental principle of open-source development is providing freely available source code, though with potential legal restrictions (open source licenses).
  • Developers may require systems built from components to also be open source, and others may allow usage without restrictions.
  • Software design and implementation are inter-leaved activities.
  • Object-oriented design details system architecture.
  • Design uses models to identify objects and describe interactions.
  • Consider reuse, employing existing software assets.
  • Open source development makes source code publicly available.

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