Software Engineering Chapter 1 - Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What type of software product is a stand-alone system marketed to any customer?

  • Embedded systems
  • Control systems
  • Customized products
  • Generic products (correct)

Software specifications for customized products are owned by the software developer.

False (B)

What is software engineering concerned with?

All aspects of software production

Coping with increasing diversity and demands for reduced ______ are key challenges in software engineering.

<p>delivery times</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of software products with their descriptions:

<p>Generic products = Marketed to any customer Customized products = Commissioned by a specific customer Embedded systems = Integrated into electronic devices Control systems = Manage specific operations like air traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental software engineering activity?

<p>Hardware design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software reliability is solely the responsibility of the software developer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of a generic software product.

<p>Graphics program</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of software costs are typically attributed to development?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All software projects benefit from the same development methodologies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential attributes of dependable software?

<p>Reliability, security, and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

For custom software, evolution costs often exceed ______ costs.

<p>development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the software systems with their attributes:

<p>Banking system = Secure Interactive game = Responsive Telephone switching system = Reliable Safety critical control system = Complete and analyzable specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which software engineering technique is suitable for developing games?

<p>Prototyping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Web-based systems development has led to advances in programming languages.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical attribute of software that allows it to evolve to meet changing business needs?

<p>Maintainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor of software efficiency?

<p>Code readability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software engineering encompasses only the technical processes of software development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of software engineering?

<p>To produce reliable and trustworthy systems economically and quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software must be _____ to the type of users it is designed for.

<p>acceptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following software engineering aspects with their definitions:

<p>Efficiency = Minimizing wasteful use of resources such as memory and processor cycles. Acceptability = Usability and compatibility with user needs. Reliability = Producing trustworthy software that functions as intended. Maintenance = Updating and modifying software after it has been deployed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes software maintenance?

<p>The process of modifying software after it has been deployed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using software engineering methods is more costly in the long run than ad-hoc programming.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant challenge do modern software systems face due to heterogeneity?

<p>Developing dependable software that is flexible enough to operate across different types of devices and networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by software engineering?

<p>Software engineering is a systematic approach to the design, development, and maintenance of software systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The notion of 'software engineering' was first proposed in 1969.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the "software crisis" in the 1960s?

<p>The increasing complexity of software systems, coupled with inadequate development methodologies, led to projects that were unreliable, costly, and often delivered late.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three fundamental types of software components used in a reuse-oriented process?

<p>Web services, object collections, standalone software systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a waterfall model, all activities are planned and scheduled beforehand, making it a plan-driven process.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main benefits of incremental development?

<p>Reduced development costs, faster delivery of usable software, easier customer feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential problems associated with using a waterfall model for software development?

<p>The waterfall model's rigidity can hinder its adaptability to changing requirements, leading to higher costs, longer development cycles, and a potential lack of customer satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A prototype is an initial version of a system used to demonstrate concepts and test design options.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does software engineering handle the challenge of heterogeneity in modern software development?

<p>Software engineering aims to develop techniques that create dependable yet flexible software capable of adapting to diverse environments, including networks with varying computer and mobile devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of dependability and security in software development?

<p>Dependable and secure software is crucial for ensuring that systems function correctly, do not cause harm, and protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Software Development Costs

Roughly 60% of software costs are spent on development, and 40% on testing.

Software Evolution Costs

For custom software, evolution costs often exceed development costs.

Software Engineering Techniques

Different techniques are needed for different types of software systems.

Software Project Management

All software projects need professional management and development.

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Web's Impact on Software Engineering

The web introduced software services and distributed systems, along with advances in programming languages and reuse.

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Software Attributes

Software systems must meet specific attributes (e.g., security, responsiveness, reliability) appropriate to their purpose.

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Maintainability

Software must adapt to changing customer needs through evolution.

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Software Dependability

Software should be reliable, secure, and safe to avoid harming users.

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Software Efficiency

Software shouldn't waste system resources (memory, processor). It should be responsive and use resources efficiently.

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Software Acceptability

Software must be easy to understand, use, and work with other systems for the intended users.

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Software Engineering Discipline

Using proper theories, methods, and tools to build software. It considers organizational and financial limits.

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Software Engineering Scope

All stages of software production, from design to maintenance after launch.

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Software Reliability

Producing software that works correctly and dependably.

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Importance of Software Engineering

Software engineering helps provide reliable software quickly and economically to meet society and individual needs.

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Software Heterogeneity

Software systems need to work on different device types and across networks.

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Software and Business Change

Businesses and societies change quickly, so software must adapt to these changes.

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Generic Software Products

Stand-alone software marketed to any buyer; developers own the specification and control changes.

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Customized Software Products

Software made for a specific customer; the customer owns the specification and requires changes.

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Software Specification

The detailed description of what software should do.

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Software Development

The process of creating a software product.

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Software Validation

Ensuring the software meets its specifications.

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Software Evolution

Adapting the software to changing requirements.

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Software Engineering

The discipline concerned with all aspects of software creation.

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Software Engineering Challenges

Dealing with varied demands, faster delivery times, and ensuring trust in software.

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Software Process

A systematic approach used in software engineering to create a software product. It involves a sequence of activities that lead to the final software.

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Software Process Activities

The fundamental activities in a software process: specification, development, validation, and evolution.

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Plan-Driven Processes

Processes where all activities are planned in advance, and progress is measured against this plan.

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Agile Processes

Processes where planning is incremental, and it's easy to adapt to changing customer needs.

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Software Process Model

An abstract representation of a software process. It presents a description of the process from a specific perspective.

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Waterfall Model

A sequential plan-driven model where each phase of the software process is completed before moving to the next.

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Incremental Development

A model where specification, development, and validation are interleaved. The system is developed in versions, adding functionality to the previous version.

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Reuse-Oriented Software Engineering

A model where the system is assembled from existing components.

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Waterfall Model Problems

Its rigidity makes it hard to adapt to changing requirements, and it can lead to delays and costly rework.

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Incremental Development Benefits

It reduces the cost of changing requirements, allows for early customer feedback, and enables faster delivery of working software.

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Incremental Development Problems

It can make the process less visible for managers, and the system structure can degrade over time.

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Software Prototype

An initial version of a system used to demonstrate concepts and test design options.

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Prototype Benefits

Prototyping improves usability, design quality, maintainability, and reduces development effort.

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Coping with Change

Change is inevitable in software development, so processes must adapt to changing requirements.

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Rework in Software Development

The process of redoing work due to changes in requirements, often adding to the costs.

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Back-to-Back Testing

A type of testing where two or more versions of software components with similar functionality are compared.

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Why is Process Important?

Using a good process helps you create reliable software, manage costs, and ensure that your software works as expected.

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Study Notes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

  • Topics covered: Professional software development, explanation of software engineering.
  • Need for Software Engineering:
    • Modern world relies on software, controlling national infrastructure, utilities, industrial manufacturing, distribution, and entertainment.
    • Software is often more costly than hardware, especially in systems with extended lifespans.
    • Software engineering is vital for the smooth functioning of national and international societies to manage software cost-effectively.
  • Software engineering:
    • Focuses on supporting professional software development, rather than individual programming.
    • Includes critical techniques for program specification, design, and evolution.
  • Software System Structure
    • Professionally developed software systems are usually composed of multiple programs and configuration files.
    • Often include system documentation, user documentation, and online resources for users.
  • Software engineering principles:
    • Concerned with the theories, methods, and tools of professional software development.
  • Software Costs:
    • Software costs often dominate the total cost of a computer system.
    • Maintenance costs often significantly exceed development costs.
    • Software engineers focus on creating cost-effective software development processes.
  • Software Products:
    • Two main types:
      • Generic products: Stand-alone systems sold to any customer (e.g., PC software, CAD software).
      • Customized products (Bespoke products): Systems commissioned by a specific customer to meet their needs (e.g., embedded control systems, air traffic control software).
  • Product Specification Differences:
    • Generic products: Specification and changes are managed by the developer.
    • Customized products: Specification and changes are managed by the customer.
  • Frequently asked questions:
    • What is software?: Computer programs and associated documentation.
    • What is software engineering?: Engineering discipline concerning all aspects of software production.
    • What are the fundamental software engineering activities?: Specification, development, validation, and evolution.
    • What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering?: System engineering encompasses hardware, software, and process aspects, while software engineering is a part of it.

Important Characteristics of Good Software

  • Maintainability: Software should be adaptable to evolving customer needs.
  • Dependability and Security: Reliability, security, and safety are crucial to prevent damage.
  • Efficiency: Optimized usage of system resources.
  • Acceptability: Designed to meet the expectations and needs of users.

Software Engineering Diversity

  • Many types of software systems.
  • No single set of techniques applies to all.
  • Software methods and tools used depend on the system, customer requirements, development staff.

Types of Applications

  • Stand-alone Applications: Run on a local computer (e.g. office applications, photo manipulation).
  • Interactive Transaction-based Applications: Run on remote computers (e.g., web applications, business systems)

Application Types (continued)

  • Embedded Control Systems: Software to control hardware devices (e.g. mobile phones, car anti-lock braking).
  • Batch Processing Systems: Processing large amounts of data in batches (e.g., billing systems, salary payment).
  • Entertainment Systems: Primarily focused on personal entertainment (e.g., games).
  • Systems for modeling and simulation: Modeling physical processes (e.g., weather forecasting, flight simulators).
  • Data collection Systems: Gathering data from sensors, processing it (e.g. environmental observation).
  • Systems of systems: A system comprised of other systems (e.g. a large business).

Fundamental Principles: Software Engineering

  • Managed process: Developing software using a structured, planned process.
  • Dependability and performance: Software should be dependable and perform efficiently.
  • Requirement Management: Understanding and managing customer expectations.
  • Resource Management: Make the most effective use of existing software and/or resources.

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Related Documents

Chapter One_Introduction to SE PDF
Chapter 2 - Software Processes PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of software engineering, highlighting its importance in modern society. It delves into the necessity for professional software development and provides insight into the structure of software systems. Test your knowledge on these introductory concepts crucial for understanding software engineering.

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