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Questions and Answers
Which phase follows the analysis phase in the software development life cycle?
Which phase follows the analysis phase in the software development life cycle?
Structured design is also known as object-oriented design.
Structured design is also known as object-oriented design.
False
What is the primary purpose of an algorithm in software design?
What is the primary purpose of an algorithm in software design?
To provide a step-by-step problem-solving process.
In object-oriented design, the two main components identified are _____ and _____ .
In object-oriented design, the two main components identified are _____ and _____ .
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT a phase of the software development life cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a phase of the software development life cycle?
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In structured programming, sub problems are solved individually and combined to form a solution.
In structured programming, sub problems are solved individually and combined to form a solution.
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What are the two types of design mentioned in the content?
What are the two types of design mentioned in the content?
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What is the primary purpose of debugging?
What is the primary purpose of debugging?
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Black-box testing requires knowledge of the internal workings of a program.
Black-box testing requires knowledge of the internal workings of a program.
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What is an algorithm?
What is an algorithm?
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In _______ testing, the internal structure of the function is known.
In _______ testing, the internal structure of the function is known.
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Which of the following is an example of boundary testing?
Which of the following is an example of boundary testing?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the purpose of pseudo-code?
What is the purpose of pseudo-code?
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Stepwise refinement is a method of top-down design.
Stepwise refinement is a method of top-down design.
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Study Notes
Software Engineering
- Software engineers typically break down the software development process (software development life cycle) into four phases:
- Analysis
- Design
- Implementation
- Testing and debugging
Software Design
- After analyzing the problem, the next step is to design an algorithm to solve it.
- If a problem is broken into subproblems, an algorithm needs to be designed for each subproblem.
- Algorithm: A step-by-step problem-solving process with a finite number of steps.
- There are two types of design:
- Structured Design
- Object-oriented Design
Structured Design
- This is also called top-down design, stepwise refinement, and modular programming.
- It involves dividing a problem into smaller subproblems.
- Each subproblem is analyzed, and a solution is obtained to solve it.
- The solutions to all subproblems are then combined to solve the overall problem.
- The process of implementing a structured design is called structured programming.
Object-Oriented Design
- The initial step is to identify the components called objects and determine how they interact.
- After identifying objects, the next step is to specify the following attributes for each object:
- Relevant data
- Possible operations on that data
- The final program is a collection of interacting objects.
- The process of implementing an object-oriented design is called object-oriented programming (OOP).
Example of Object-Oriented Design
- Example: Video Store
- Two main objects: Video and Customer.
- For a video object:
- Data might include: movie name, starring actors, producer, etc.
- Operations might include: checking the movie name, reducing the number of copies in stock by one after a rental.
Software Implementation
- This phase involves writing programming code to implement the operations identified in the design phase.
- This course focuses on the software implementation phase.
Testing and Debugging
- Testing ensures the program does what it's supposed to do.
- Debugging involves finding and fixing errors.
- To increase program reliability, errors must be identified and fixed.
Main Test Types
- Two main types of testing:
- Black-box testing
- White-box testing
Black-box testing
- The function's internal working is unknown.
- Only the function's purpose is required for testing.
- Black-box testing is based on inputs and outputs.
- Example:
- A function to check if an integer is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 100 is tested on values that surround and fall on the boundaries, called boundary values.
- Examples: -1, 1, 100.
White-box testing
- Relies on knowing the internal structure and implementation of a function.
- The goal is to ensure every part of the algorithm is executed at least once.
- Example: If statement testing when true and false.
- At least one input is needed for the if statement to ensure it works.
Algorithm
- A programmer starts with a general task idea for the computer to perform.
- The programmer might have an idea of how to perform the task manually in a general outline.
- An algorithm is a clear, step-by-step procedure that finishes after a finite number of steps.
- An algorithm isn't the same as a program.
- An algorithm can be expressed in any language, including English.
Algorithm Notations
- The most common notations for developing algorithms:
- Flowchart: A diagram with lines representing all program paths.
- Pseudo-code: A stylized form of natural language.
Pseudo-code and Stepwise Refinement
- Pseudocode is a high-level description of a program's logic in plain language.
- It helps plan an algorithm before turning it into actual code.
- Pseudocode is the middle ground between an idea and its implementation (code) in a high-level language.
- To write algorithms in pseudo-code, the stepwise refinement method can be used.
- This method is a type of top-down design (structured design).
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of software engineering, including the software development life cycle and various design methodologies. It covers key phases such as analysis, design, implementation, and testing, while also delving into structured and object-oriented design principles.
