Software Engineering 1: Intro to UML and Class Diagrams
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered static diagrams?

  • Class diagrams (correct)
  • Object diagrams (correct)
  • Activity diagrams
  • Package diagrams (correct)
  • Use case diagrams

The software process is a structured set of activities required to develop a software system.

True (A)

What is the purpose of building models?

To reduce complexity, test the system before building it, communicate with the customer, document, and visualize ideas.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of object-oriented programming?

<p>Sequential processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Object identity is the property by which each object can be identified and treated as a ______.

<p>distinct software entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

In OOP, what is the relationship between an object and a class?

<p>An object is an instance of a class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is an abstraction that describes the properties important for an application.

<p>class</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle separates external aspects of an object, accessible to other objects, from internal implementation details?

<p>Encapsulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data hiding refers to information from within the object being visible outside the object.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

<p>It means that the same operation may behave differently for different classes. For example, a <code>getArea()</code> method might calculate the area differently for a rectangle vs. a circle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key benefit of using inheritance in software development?

<p>Allows for code reuse and reduces repetition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A superclass is also known as a parent class or a base class.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an operation and a method in object-oriented programming?

<p>An operation is a general function or procedure that can be applied to objects of a class. A method is the specific implementation of an operation for a particular class. For example, a <code>calculateArea()</code> operation might exist for a <code>Shape</code> class. <code>Rectangle</code> and <code>Circle</code> might both have a <code>calculateArea()</code> method, which would calculate the area in different ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a generic class?

<p>A generic class is a class that can work with different data types. The specific data type is not determined until the class is instantiated (created) at runtime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The attribute and operation compartments in class diagrams are always mandatory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of class modeling, what is the difference between objects and classes?

<p>A class describes a group of objects with the same properties and behaviors. An object is a specific instance or realization of a class. For example, a <code>Person</code> class might describe general characteristics of a person, while <code>John Smith</code> would be a specific object of that class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In object-oriented programming, the system is primarily built around functionality, rather than objects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary categories of UML diagrams?

<p>Functional diagrams, static diagrams, and dynamic diagrams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following UML diagrams is primarily used to model interactions between objects?

<p>Sequence diagrams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

UML tools typically cannot generate code directly from UML diagrams.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of package diagrams in UML?

<p>To show how classes are grouped into packages to simplify complex class diagrams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tools is commonly used for creating UML diagrams?

<p>Rational Rose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Software process

A structured set of activities required to develop a software system.

Software process model

A model representing a process from a specific perspective.

Model

An abstraction of a system that ignores unnecessary details.

Use case diagram

A functional diagram that describes the interactions between the user and the system.

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Class diagram

A static diagram used to visualize the structure of the system, including classes and their relationships.

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Object diagram

A static diagram that shows objects and their relationships.

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Package diagram

A static diagram that groups classes into packages to simplify complex diagrams.

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Class model

A model that captures the static structure of the system by describing classes, their relationships, and attributes.

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Object Identity

An object has a unique identity even if it shares the same properties with other objects.

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Classification

Objects with the same data structure and behavior belong to the same class.

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Abstraction

Selectively focusing on important aspects of a problem while suppressing unessential details.

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Encapsulation

Separating the internal details of an object from its external interface.

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Inheritance

Sharing of features, including attributes and operations, among classes based on a hierarchical relationship.

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Polymorphism

The ability of an operation to be implemented differently in different classes.

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Generic Class

A class where the data types of attributes are supplied at runtime.

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Attribute

A named property of a class that describes a value held by each object of that class.

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Value

A piece of data assigned to an attribute.

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Operation

A function or procedure performed by or applied to objects of a class.

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Method

The implementation of an operation for a specific class.

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Class model

A class model provides a graphical notation for modeling classes and their relationships.

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Objects

Objects often correspond to real-world entities or conceptual entities.

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Class

A class describes a group of objects with common properties, behavior, and relationships.

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Class diagram (Use)

A class model helps design and implement programs by visualizing the system's classes and their interactions.

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Attribute Name

An attribute's name is unique within a class, but different classes can have the same attribute name.

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Operations and Methods (Characteristics)

Operations can be performed on objects of the same class, and their implementation can vary across different classes.

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Class Notation

The attribute and operation compartments are optional in the class notation, depending on the desired level of abstraction.

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Empty Compartment

An empty compartment in class notation means the attributes or operations are specified but there are none.

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Class model

A class model helps visualize the classes and their relationships, providing a framework for understanding the system's structure.

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Sample Class Model

The city, airport, airline, flight, plane, pilot, co-pilot, passenger, and seat are examples of classes in a flight system.

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Study Notes

Lecture 4: Introduction to UML, OO Modelling, and Class Diagrams

  • Software Engineering 1 (CS251): This lecture covers foundational concepts in object-oriented software development using Unified Modeling Language (UML).

Topics Covered

  • Modelling: A structured approach to software design.
  • UML Diagrams: Graphical representations of software systems.
  • UML Tools: Software applications used to create and manage UML models.
  • Static Diagrams: Diagrams illustrating the structure of the system.
  • Class Model: Captures the static structure of the system by showcasing classes, objects, and their relationships; crucial in OOP.
  • What is OO Software?: Object-oriented software organizes code as discrete objects blending data and behavior.
  • Object Oriented ("OO") Characteristics: Key principles of object-oriented development.
  • Identity: Each object has unique properties even if states are identical.
  • Classes and Objects: Classification of similar entities and individual objects.
  • Classification: Grouping objects with same data/behavior into classes.
  • Abstraction: Focusing on significant features of a problem and ignoring irrelevant ones.
  • Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods together, hiding internal details.
  • Inheritance: Relating classes through a hierarchical structure; subclasses inherit properties from superclasses.
  • Polymorphism: Operations behaving differently for different classes.
  • Generics: Flexible classes that can hold various data types.
  • Cohesion: Measuring how strongly the elements of a module relate to each other.
  • Coupling: Measures how strongly modules interact with each other.

The Software Process

  • Activities: A structured set of activities to develop a software system; all software processes involve:
  • Specification: Defining the system's functionality.
  • Design and Implementation: Organizing and developing the system.
  • Validation (Testing): Ensuring the system meets customer needs.
  • Maintenance & Evolution: Adapting the system to changes.
  • Software Process Model: An abstract representation of a process, providing a description from a specific perspective.

Modelling

  • Abstraction: A model is an abstraction, simplifying a system by omitting unnecessary complexity.
  • Purposes of building models: Simplifying system complexity, allowing testing before complete development, facilitating communication with stakeholders, and documenting and visualizing ideas.

Some UML Diagrams

  • Functional diagrams: Illustrate system interactions from the user's perspective; include use case diagrams.
  • Static diagrams: Describe system structure through classes, objects, attributes, and associations.
  • Dynamic diagrams: Illustrate system behavior; include interaction diagrams, state diagrams, and activity diagrams.

UML Tools

  • Rational Rose: A popular UML tool for software creation.
  • Bouml: An open-source UML tool supporting multiple programming languages.
  • Visio: A tool for sketching UML diagrams.

Static Diagrams

  • Class Diagrams: Show classes and their relations.
  • Object Diagrams: Show objects and their relations.
  • Package Diagrams: Arrange classes into packages to simplify complex diagrams.

Class Model

  • Capture static structure: Classes and objects, their relationships, and attributes/operations.
  • Crucial role in Object-Oriented Systems: Organization around objects, not functionality.

What is OO Software?

  • Organization as objects: Objects contain bundled data and behavior (operations).
  • Differing from structured programming: Separation of data from operations is less pronounced in OOP.

Object-Oriented ("OO") Characteristics

  • Identity: Each object has unique identity.
  • Classification: Similar object groups form classes.
  • Encapsulation: Hiding internal implementation.
  • Abstraction: Focusing on essential features.
  • Inheritance: Reusability through hierarchical class relationships.
  • Polymorphism: Operations acting differently across classes.
  • Generics: Support for flexible data types.
  • Cohesion: High cohesion indicates elements strongly relate to each other within a module.
  • Coupling: Low coupling signifies that modules have minimal interaction with one another.

Identity

  • Objects can be concrete or conceptual: Objects can represent real-world things or abstract ideas.
  • Distinguishable identities: Objects have unique identities, even with identical states.

Values and Attributes

  • Attributes are named properties: Attributes define characteristics of an object.

  • Unique names: Each attribute has a unique name within a class.

  • Values: Data assigned to attributes (e.g., "birthdate" attribute has a date value).

Operations and Methods

  • Operations are functions/procedures: Actions performed by or on objects.
  • Methods are implementations: Actual implementations of operations within specific classes.
  • Polymorphism: Operations can differ in implementation across classes.

Summary of Class Notation

  • Attribute and operation compartments are optional: Can choose to include them based on required level of abstraction.
  • Missing attribute compartments: Indicate unspecified attributes.
  • Empty compartments: Attributes are specified but have no value.

A Sample Class Model

  • Use case example for UML implementation.
  • Relates to modeling flights, airports, airlines, and their relationships.

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CSC441 Intro to SE: Introduction to UML, OO Modelling & Class Diagrams PDF

Description

This quiz explores foundational concepts in object-oriented software development, focusing on Unified Modeling Language (UML). Topics include UML diagrams, modeling techniques, and characteristics of object-oriented software. Prepare to delve into class models and their significance in software design.

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