Software Documentation and Architecture Class 5

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of HTTP status codes in an API response?

  • To indicate different outcomes of a request (correct)
  • To provide authentication requirements for requests
  • To specify the format of the response body
  • To define required parameters in the request

Which method is used for updating resources in an API?

  • POST
  • GET
  • PUT (correct)
  • DELETE

What are path parameters in an API request?

  • Parameters required in the endpoint's URL (correct)
  • Parameters defined in the request body
  • Optional parameters that can alter the request
  • Parameters sent via headers

What does the request body in an API contract specify?

<p>The exact structure of the request payload for methods like POST or PUT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically specified in an API contract?

<p>The programming language used for the API (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the C4 Model?

<p>To visualize software system architecture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following levels in the C4 Model provides a close-up of the actual code structure?

<p>Code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which architecture are all components tightly integrated into a single unit?

<p>Monolithic Architecture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Container level in the C4 Model focus on?

<p>Major applications, services, and databases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which architectural paradigm separates an application into Model, View, and Controller components?

<p>Model-View-Controller (MVC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diagrams are typically used in the Code level of the C4 Model?

<p>UML or similar diagrams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The C4 Model was created by which individual?

<p>Simon Brown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which documentation is aligned with the business team in the provided framework?

<p>Sequence diagrams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Event-Driven Architecture?

<p>It depends on events to trigger actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) from Microservices Architecture?

<p>SOA structures applications as independent services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element of Microservices Architecture?

<p>Each service runs in its own process and uses databases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does UML primarily serve to represent?

<p>Structure and behavior of software systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is shown in a Sequence Diagram?

<p>The sequential order of interactions between objects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Class Diagram primarily illustrate?

<p>Inheritance and relationships between classes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship indicated by the term 'inheritance' in UML?

<p>A derived class extends the functionality of a base class. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the UML documentation process?

<p>User Experience Testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the relationship between a student and an instructor in terms of associations?

<p>A student can associate with multiple instructors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term defines the relationship where one part cannot exist without the other?

<p>Composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of an API contract?

<p>To prevent ambiguity and ease integration between systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes aggregation?

<p>Each part can function independently while still being part of a whole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which HTTP method is typically used to update data on an API endpoint?

<p>PUT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an API contract, what does the term 'Endpoint Definitions' refer to?

<p>Details of resources accessed via specific URL paths. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of an API contract ensures that only authorized users can access its services?

<p>Authentication protocols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly distinguishes between aggregation and composition?

<p>Aggregation involves a loose relationship, whereas composition is more strict. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

SRS Document

A document that outlines the functional and non-functional requirements of a software system. It helps to define what the system should do and how it should be built.

UML Diagrams

A collection of diagrams and notations used to model and visualize software systems. It helps to represent the structure, behavior, and interactions of the system.

HLD (High-Level Design)

A document that provides a high-level overview of the software system's architecture. It outlines the major components, their interactions, and the overall design principles.

LLD (Low-Level Design)

A document that provides a detailed explanation of the implementation of the software system. It covers the specific data structures, algorithms, and code modules.

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Monolithic Architecture

A software architecture where all components of an application are tightly integrated into a single, cohesive unit.

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MVC (Model-View-Controller)

A software design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller. It promotes modularity and separation of concerns.

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C4 Model

A framework for visualizing software system architecture in a hierarchical manner. It helps to understand the system at different levels of detail.

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Design Patterns

A collection of well-established design solutions for recurring problems in software development. They offer reusable patterns and practices for efficient software design.

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Microservices Architecture

A software design pattern where an application is broken down into small, independent services that communicate with each other through APIs.

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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

A software design pattern where an application is structured as a set of loosely coupled, independent services that communicate with each other using standardized protocols.

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Event-Driven Architecture

An architectural style relying on events to trigger and communicate between different components. It uses asynchronous communication, where events in one part trigger actions in another.

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UML (Unified Modeling Language)

A standardized modeling language widely used by software architects and developers to visually represent software systems, their structure, behavior, and interactions. It helps in communication and understanding of complex systems.

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Sequence Diagram

A UML diagram that visually shows the interactions between objects in the sequential order they occur. It helps understand the flow of control and data between objects.

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Class Diagram

A UML diagram representing the static structure of a system. It shows the classes of the system, their attributes, and relationships between them. It helps understand the relationships and data structures of a system.

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Attributes and Operations

The data and functions associated with a class. Attributes describe the data a class holds, and operations describe the actions it can perform.

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Inheritance

A relationship between classes where one class is a specialized version of another. It represents an "is-a" relationship. For example, a Square is a Shape.

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API (Application Programming Interface)

A set of rules that allows different software systems to communicate with each other.

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API Contract

A formal agreement that defines how two systems will interact with each other through an API.

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Endpoint Definitions

The specific URL path that identifies the resource being accessed.

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HTTP Methods

The HTTP methods allowed for a specific endpoint (e.g., GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).

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Request Structure

The structure of the data sent to an API endpoint.

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Response Structure

The format and structure of the data returned by an API endpoint.

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Status Codes

Codes indicating the success or failure of an API request.

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Error Codes

Specific codes indicating different types of errors that can occur during API communication.

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Path Parameters

Elements in the URL path, specifying specific resources (e.g., /users/{userId}).

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Query Parameters

Optional parameters added to the URL, refining the request (e.g., /users?status=active).

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Request Body

Data sent with a request (POST or PUT), formatted according to the API's rules.

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HTTP Status Codes

Codes indicating the outcome of a request (e.g., 200 = Success, 404 = Not Found).

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Study Notes

Class 5 Recap

  • The class focused on software documentation and various architectural styles.
  • Documentation is handled by both the business and technical teams.

Documentation Breakdown

  • Business Team: Handles user stories and SRS documents (functional and non-functional).
  • Technical Team: Responsible for HLD, LLD, UML diagrams, API documentation, sequence diagrams, class diagrams, and design patterns.
  • Famous Architects: Included as a part of the technical team's documentation responsibilities.
  • API Documentation: This type of documentation is a specific output categorized within the technical team.

High-Level Design (HLD) & Low-Level Design (LLD)

  • HLD focuses on the overall structure, components, and relationships of a system.
  • HLD is created by architects.
  • LLD provides implementation details.
  • LLD is created by engineers.

C4 Model

  • The C4 Model is a framework for visualizing software architecture.
  • It breaks down architecture into four hierarchical levels: context, containers, components, and code.
  • Context (level 1): Shows the system and its interactions with external entities.
  • Container (level 2): Focuses on major applications, services, and databases.
  • Component (level 3): Shows the components within each container.
  • Code (level 4): Detailed code structure for a component (commonly with UML diagrams).

Software System Components

  • Software systems are composed of one or more containers (e.g., applications, data stores).
  • Each container contains one or more components.
  • Components are implemented with code elements (classes, interfaces, functions, etc.).

Internet Banking System Context

  • The diagram shows the interaction between the personal banking customer, internet banking system, and mainframe banking system.
  • The internet banking system facilitates customer interaction with accounts and payments.
  • The mainframe banking system handles core banking information.

Container, Component, & Code Diagrams

  • Various diagrams are used to illustrate the relationships between containers, components, and code.
  • The diagram for the Internet Banking System demonstrates the relationships between all these entities—including the specific applications and technologies involved (e.g., Java, Spring MVC, JavaScript, Angular, Xamarin).

Monothlithic Architecture

  • Involves a single, cohesive unit combining user interface, business logic, and data access layers.
  • All components are tightly integrated and bundled for deployment.

Model-View-Controller (MVC)

  • MVC is an architectural pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: model, view, and controller.
  • The model handles data, the view displays data, and the controller manages user interactions.

Event-Driven Architecture

  • Event-driven architecture uses events to communicate between different components asynchronously.
  • Components listen for and respond to these events.
  • Example given: Netflix recommendations.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

  • Structures an application as a set of loosely coupled, independent services, communicating with each other using standardized protocols.
  • Services typically reside in different processes.

Microservice Architecture

  • A modern approach that decomposes an application into small, independent services.
  • Each service runs its process independently, communicating with others via APIs.

UML Diagrams

  • UML is a language for describing, specifying, designing, and documenting software system artifacts.

Use Case Diagram

  • Visualizes the actors (users) involved and the use cases (actions) those actors perform. The diagram shows examples of actors (like 'Tour Guide', 'Passenger', 'Minor Passenger').

Sequence Diagrams

  • Show interactions between objects sequentially to show the order of those interactions

Class Diagrams and Relationships

  • Diagrams detailing class attributes and private/public/protected/methods.
  • Types of relationships—Includes, Extend, dependency, aggregation, composition, association, inheritance are represented.

How to Connect Frontend and Backend Applications

  • Shows the typical connection structure including the client, web server, application server, and database.

API (Application Programming Interface)

  • API is a set of rules for software systems communication.
  • An API contract defines how systems interact through APIs and makes integration smoother.
  • API contract details include endpoints, HTTP methods, request structure, response structure, error codes, and authentication protocols.

Class 5 Summary

  • The class introduced various software architectural styles, the C4 model, and the implementation details in specific use cases, including the Internet Banking System.
  • Different types of diagrams and how to implement APIs, were discussed.

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