Software development process

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Questions and Answers

Software applications are the result of what?

Lines and lines of code that have been written and compiled by developers to provide instructions to computer systems.

What are the five basic phases of software development?

Requirements Specification, Design, Development, Evaluation, Maintenance

What is the first phase in a software development process?

Requirements specification

In commercial software development, what is the first phase often termed?

<p>Product planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What helps ensure that a software product meets a customer's needs?

<p>Requirements gathering and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are other names for a specification document?

<p>Spec or scope document</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following takes place during the research phase? (choose all that apply)

<p>software requirements are analyzed (A), software requirements are detailed in a specification document (C), software requirements are gathered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of requirements gathering and analysis? (choose all that apply)

<p>to determine customer needs for a software application (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a specification document function as a legal document?

<p>by clarifying the scope of work agreed to by developers and clients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the design phase, what do development teams translate the requirements into?

<p>A design for the software application</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do developers refer to during the development phase?

<p>The design and the specification document.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the design phase, development teams translate the requirements into _____.

<p>design</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the design phase, relevant content must be transformed into concise information that describes how the software application will fulfill the _____.

<p>requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the development phase, developers write __________ to create the software program.

<p>code</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the evaluation phase, what is software evaluated for?

<p>Quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose all that apply: Which of the following tasks are part of the software evaluation process?

<p>testers check that the code is implemented according to the specification document (A), any issues with the software are logged as bugs (B), bugs are resolved by developers (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to software that is maintained by developers?

<p>It is said to be supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are changes to software collected and released in?

<p>Updates, patches, and new product versions that can be installed by users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software maintenance is a phase in the _____ process.

<p>software development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software that is maintained by developers is said to be _____.

<p>supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

To update software products, developers update __________ to fix bugs, improve functionality, and even add new features.

<p>software code</p> Signup and view all the answers

Changes to software are collected and released in updates, _________ , and new product versions that can be installed by users.

<p>patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four common software development process models?

<p>Waterfall, iterative, agile, and spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model focuses on smaller complete cycles of development that improve the product in small steps? _____

<p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model involves adapting quickly to changes in the design that happen during development? _____

<p>Agile</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model follows a specific order of steps? _____

<p>Waterfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model focuses on trying to find crucial problems early in the project? _____

<p>Iterative</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is application software designed to do?

<p>Help the user accomplish tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name eight common features of application software that facilitate communication with users.

<p>Graphical user interface (GUI), a pointer, menus, a menu bar, dialog boxes, a help menu, toolbars, and buttons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a graphical user interface (GUI) allow an individual to do.

<p>Communicate with a computer by using symbols, pointing devices, and visual metaphors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the common features of software applications. (choose all that apply)

<p>a pointer (B), buttons (E), toolbars (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?

<p>A discipline concerned with the design of optimal user interfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for software development teams to design successful user interactions?

<p>to ensure that users will continue to use the software (B), to ensure that users can interact well with a software program (C), to ensure that users can accomplish tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For users, what form are software problems experienced in?

<p>Error messages, system halts, and blue screens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are common problems experienced with software applications? (choose all that apply)

<p>kernel panic (A), configuration issues (B), applications running slowly (C), installation issues (E), missing DLL files (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do software applications have similar problems? (choose all that apply

<p>they have similar features (A), they run on similar types of hardware (D), they run on similar operating systems (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give four reasons why you may be unable to install a software program.

<p>The installation CD is unreadable, the computer's hardware does not meet the minimum requirements of the software program, the software may not be compatible with that version of the operating system, you may not be entering the correct serial number or key during installation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is software configuration?

<p>How a program is set up and which user options are selected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the causes of installation problems. (choose all that apply)

<p>The computer does not meet the minimum requirements of the software program (A), The user incorrectly entered the serial number during installation. (C), The software is not compatible with the version of the operating system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the causes of configuration problems. (choose all that apply)

<p>There is not enough information provided about a connected device (A), The software was misconfigured by the user. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Dynamic-Link Library (DLL) files provide operating systems with?

<p>Information about performing specific computing functions in Microsoft Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give four reasons why software applications run slowly.

<p>Operating system issues, hard drive space, memory, too many applications running</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the operating system needs updates, __________.

<p>applications might run slowly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When there is a missing DLL file, __________.

<p>the computer will display error messages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a kernel panic?

<p>When the operating system finds a fatal error that it cannot safely recover from.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the user run to help fix computer problems?

<p>System repair software</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select all the software development process models.

<p>waterfall process model (B), spiral process model (C), iterative process model (D), agile process model (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are software applications?

<p>lines of code that were written by developers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the software requirements specification phase? (choose all that apply)

<p>software applications are researched (A), software application results are analyzed and documented (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the _______ , development teams transform the requirements into a software application design.

<p>software design phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the _______ , the software design is implemented by developers in code.

<p>software development phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the________ , software is evaluated for quality.

<p>software evaluation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any issues with the software are logged as ________ to be resolved by developers.

<p>bugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can become lost or damaged on a computer and prevent it from working correctly? _________

<p>DLL files</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of software can you run to help fix computer problems? _________

<p>system software repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ means the process of setting up an application and selecting specific options.

<p>software configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the discipline concerned with the design of optimal user interfaces? ____________

<p>human-computer interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do users make use of to interact with graphical icons and other visual elements in order to accomplish tasks? _______

<p>a graphical user interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first phase of software development process is ______.

<p>requirements specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ helps users accomplish tasks.

<p>application software</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ensures that a software product meets customer needs.

<p>requirements gathering and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Developing Software'?

<p>Software applications are the result of lines and lines of code that have been written and compiled by developers to provide instructions to computer systems. In many cases, whole teams of people in various roles come together and work in a collaborative process to create software applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Software Development Process Overview'?

<p>While there are many different established models for software development, they share a common structure. There are five basic phases to software development: Requirements Specification, Design, Development, Evaluation, Maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Phase 1: Requirements Specification'?

<p>Before developers begin to write software code, they need to know what they will be developing and what tasks the software needs to be able to do. In this phase, current software applications are researched and results are analyzed and documented. In commercial software development, this phase is often termed product planning. Requirements are captured in a specification document, which is also known as a 'spec' or 'scope document.' This document is maintained and referred to throughout the software development process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Phase 2: Design'?

<p>During the design phase, development teams translate the requirements into a design for the software application. Relevant content must be transformed into concise information that describes how the software application will fulfill the requirements listed in the previous phase. This guide will assist in the development of the software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Phase 3: Development'?

<p>During the development phase, the software design is implemented. Developers refer to the design and the specification document much like builders refer to a blueprint. They create software by writing code line by line, gradually building a software program or set of programs according to the design created in the previous phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Phase 4: Evaluation'?

<p>In the evaluation phase, software is evaluated for quality. Testers check that software code is functional and is implemented according to the specification document. Any issues with the software are logged as bugs to be resolved by developers. Once an application has passed the evaluation phase successfully, it is ready to be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Phase 5: Maintenance'?

<p>Software maintenance is the last phase in the software development process. Software that is maintained by developers is said to be supported. To support software products, developers update software code to fix bugs, improve functionality, and even add new features. These changes are collected and released in updates, patches, and new product versions that can be installed by users. Each new update of a product usually goes through most or all of the software development phases as a part of its maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Software Development Process Models'?

<p>Various models exist to make the development process more efficient. Common models include waterfall, iterative, agile, and spiral. Each model has strengths and challenges, and the development team must decide which model is the best to complete the specific project. Occasionally, using a combination of the models may be the ideal option.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the following Software Development Process Models: waterfall, iterative, agile, and spiral.

<p>The waterfall process model consists of these phases in order: (a) requirements specification, (b) design, (c) implementation, (d) testing, (e) deployment, and (f) maintenance. In a strict waterfall process, each phase must be completed before moving to the next phase. There is no revisiting earlier phases for changes. An iterative process model tries to find crucial problems early in the project. It was developed to improve on the waterfall method. It allows developers to learn from previous parts of a development project by allowing for prototyping and cycles of development. At each iteration, designs are revisited to optimize the process and product. An agile process model is an iterative process model that incorporates feedback and involves adapting quickly to changes in the design that happen during development. A spiral process model combines iterative prototyping with the waterfall model. It focuses on smaller complete cycles of development that improve the product in small steps each time through the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Application Software'?

<p>The software that most of us are familiar with is called application software. Application software is software designed to help the user accomplish tasks. It runs on a platform comprised of an operating system (a different type of software) and hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 'Common Features of Application Software'?

<p>Because software applications are designed to enable users to perform tasks, they share specific features that facilitate communication with users, like: a graphical user interface (GUI), a pointer, menus, a menu bar, dialog boxes, a help menu, toolbars, and buttons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Graphical User Interface'?

<p>A graphical user interface (GUI) is a software feature that allows an individual to communicate with a computer by using symbols, pointing devices, and visual metaphors. In a GUI, users interact with graphical icons and other visual elements to accomplish tasks. Before the invention of GUIs, users were limited to typing commands on a keyboard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is "Human-Computer Interaction'?

<p>Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a discipline concerned with the design of optimal user interfaces. By making sure the interface is easy to use, efficient, and well suited to user tasks, practitioners of HCI increase the value of software applications for users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 'Common Problems Experienced With Software'?

<p>Software applications tend to have similar problems because they share similar features and basic functionality, run on similar operating systems, and work with similar types of hardware. For users, software problems are experienced in the form of error messages, system halts, and blue screens. Common problems include installation issues, configuration issues, missing DLL files, applications running slowly, and kernel panic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause 'Installation Issues'?

<p>Problems with software can begin with installation, and a may be unable to install a software program for several reasons: the installation CD is unreadable, the computer's hardware does not meet the minimum requirements of the software program, the software may not be compatible with that version of the operating system, or you may not be entering the correct serial number or key during installation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Configuration Issues'?

<p>When you install a new software program, you may need to configure it. Software configuration is how a program is set up and which user options are selected. Often, problems experienced with software have to do with misconfiguration by the user.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Missing DLL Files'?

<p>Dynamic-Link Library (DLL) files provide operating systems with information about performing specific computing functions in Microsoft Windows. If a computer cannot find a DLL file, it cannot perform certain functions, and may send the user error messages. Missing or corrupt DLL files must be replaced for a computer to function properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do 'Applications Run Slowly'?

<p>Reasons for a slow running application can include: operating system issues, hard drive space, memory, or too many applications running at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Kernel Panics'?

<p>A kernel panic occurs when the operating system finds a fatal error that it cannot safely recover from. In Windows operating systems, this situation is often referred to as the Blue Screen of Death (BSoD). A technical error message is created and sent to the monitor to assist the computer user in fixing the problem. The computer then needs to be restarted to work again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'System Repair Software'?

<p>System repair software is software you can run to help fix computer problems. It can often fix operating system problems that are responsible for kernel panics, and replace missing or nonfunctional DLL files. System repair software can also optimize your computer and provide more hard drive space, enabling software applications to run faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the discipline concerned with the design of optimal user interfaces? _____

<p>human-computer interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____helps users accomplish tasks.

<p>application software</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is requirements specification?

<p>the first phase in a software development process where current software applications are researched and results are analyzed and documented</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is requirements gathering and analysis?

<p>research conducted on customer needs for the product to ensure that a software product will be desirable to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a specification document?

<p>a document that captures requirements, also known as a 'spec' or 'scope document'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the design phase?

<p>development teams translate the requirements into a design for the software application</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the development phase?

<p>the software design is implemented by writing code line by line</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the design phase, development teams translate the requirements into __________. During the design phase, relevant content must be transformed into concise information that describes how the software application will fulfill the __________. During the development phase, developers write to create the software program ______.

<p>design, requirements, code</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evaluation phase?

<p>the phase where software is evaluated for quality, and testers check that software code is functional and implemented according to the specification document</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is software maintenance?

<p>the last phase in the software development process, where developers update software code to fix bugs, improve functionality, and even add new features</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software maintenance is a phase in the _____ process. Software that is maintained by developers is said to be _____. To update software products, developers update ______ to fix bugs, improve functionality, and even add new features. Changes to software are collected and released in updates, _________ , and new product versions that can be installed by users.

<p>Software development, supported, software code, patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the waterfall process model

<p>a model that consists of phases in order: (a) requirements specification, (b) design, (c) implementation, (d) testing, (e) deployment, and (f) maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the iterative process model

<p>a model that tries to find crucial problems early in the project and allows developers to learn from previous parts of a development project by allowing for prototyping and cycles of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the agile process model

<p>an iterative process model that incorporates feedback and involves adapting quickly to changes in the design that happen during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model focuses on smaller complete cycles of development that improve the product in small steps? _____ Which model involves adapting quickly to changes in the design that happen during development? _____ Which model follows a specific order of steps? _________ Which model focuses on trying to find crucial problems early in the project? _________

<p>Spiral, Agile, Waterfall, Iterative</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

<p>a software feature that allows an individual to communicate with a computer by using symbols, pointing devices, and visual metaphors</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are software problems experienced by users?

<p>in the form of error messages, system halts, and blue screens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons why you may be unable to install a software program?

<p>the installation CD is unreadable, the computer's hardware does not meet the minimum requirements of the software program, the software may not be compatible with that version of the operating system, or you may not be entering the correct serial number or key during installation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Dynamic-Link Library (DLL) files do?

<p>provide operating systems with information about performing specific computing functions in Microsoft Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if a computer cannot find a DLL file?

<p>it cannot perform certain functions and may send the user error messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons why software applications might run slowly?

<p>operating system issues (the operating system may need updates installed), hard drive space (the hard drive may need to be scanned, cleaned, and optimized), memory (the memory of the computer may need to be increased), too many applications running (there may be too many applications running at the same time)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the _______ , development teams transform the requirements into a software application design. During the _______ , the software design is implemented by developers in code. In the________ , software is evaluated for quality. Any issues with the software are logged as ________ to be resolved by developers. Software that is maintained by developers is said to be _______.

<p>software design phase, software development phase, software evaluation phase, bugs, supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can become lost or damaged on a computer and prevent it from working correctly? _________ What type of software can you run to help fix computer problems? _________ _______ means the process of setting up an application and selecting specific options. What is the name of the discipline concerned with the design of optimal user interfaces? ____________ What do users make use of to interact with graphical icons and other visual elements in order to accomplish tasks? _______

<p>DLL files, system software repair, software configuration, human-computer interaction, a graphical user interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first phase of software development process is ______. ____________ helps users accomplish tasks._________ensures that a software product meets customer needs.

<p>requirements specification, application software, requirements gathering and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Developing Software

Software applications are the result of compiled code that provides instructions to computer systems, often created collaboratively by teams.

Software Development Process Overview

The five basic phases are: Requirements Specification, Design, Development, Evaluation, and Maintenance.

Phase 1: Requirements Specification

The phase where software needs are researched, analyzed, and documented in a specification document, ensuring the product meets customer needs.

Which of the following takes place during the research phase? (choose all that apply)

Requirements specification is the first phase in a software development process. In this phase, the need for a software application is researched and the results are analyzed. Software requirements are then listed and described in a specification document

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What is the purpose of requirements gathering and analysis? (choose all that apply)

To determine customer needs for a software application.

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How can a specification document function as a legal document?

By clarifying the scope of work agreed to by developers and clients.

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Phase 2: Design

Development teams translate requirements into a design for the software application.

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Phase 3: Development

During the development phase, developers write code line by line, gradually building a software program or set of programs according to the design created in the previous phase

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During the design phase, development teams translate the requirements into __________. \nDuring the design phase, relevant content must be transformed into concise information that describes how the software application will fulfill the __________. \nDuring the development phase, developers write to create the software program _______.

Design, requirements, code

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Phase 4: Evaluation

In the evaluation phase, software is tested for quality and functionality.

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Choose all that apply: Which of the following tasks are part of the software evaluation process?

testers check that the code is implemented according to the specification document, any issues with the software are logged as bugs, bugs are resolved by developers

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Phase 5: Maintenance

Updating software code to fix bugs, improve functionality, and add new features through updates and patches.

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Software maintenance is a phase in the _______ process.\nSoftware that is maintained by developers is said to be .\nTo update software products, developers update ______ to fix bugs, improve functionality, and even add new features.\nChanges to software are collected and released in updates,__ , and new product versions that can be installed by users.

Software development, supported, Software code, Patches

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Software Development Process Models

Models to streamline development, like waterfall, iterative, agile, and spiral.

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Software Development Process Models (Continued)

The waterfall process model consists of these phases in order: (a) requirements specification, (b) design, (c) implementation, (d) testing, (e) deployment, and (f) maintenance. Iterative allows developers to learn from previous parts of a development project. Agile involves adapting quickly to changes in the design that happen during development. Spiral focuses on smaller complete cycles of development

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Which model focuses on smaller complete cycles of development that improve the product in small steps? _________ \nWhich model involves adapting quickly to changes in the design that happen during development? ________ \nWhich model follows a specific order of steps? _________ \nWhich model focuses on trying to find crucial problems early in the project? _________

Spiral, Agile, Waterfall, Iterative

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Application Software

Software designed to help the user accomplish tasks on a platform comprising an operating system and hardware.

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Common Features of Application Software

a graphical user interface (GUI), a pointer, menus, a menu bar, dialog boxes, a help menu, toolbars, buttons.

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Graphical User Interface

Software feature that allows users to communicate with a computer using symbols, visual metaphors and pointing devices.

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Identify the common features of software applications. (choose all that apply)

a pointer, toolbars, buttons

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Human-Computer Interaction

A discipline focused on designing optimal user interfaces to make software easy to use, efficient, and well-suited to user tasks.

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Why is it important for software development teams to design successful user interactions?

to ensure that users can interact well with a software program, to ensure that users can accomplish tasks, to ensure that users will continue to use the software

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Common Problems Experienced With Software

error messages, system halts, and blue screens

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Which of the following are common problems experienced with software applications? (choose all that apply)

missing DLL files, installation issues, configuration issues, applications running slowly, kernel panic

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Why do software applications have similar problems? (choose all that apply

they have similar features, they run on similar operating systems, they run on similar types of hardware

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Installation Issues:

Problems can arise with an unreadable CD, insufficient hardware, OS incompatibility, or incorrect serial number.

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Configuration Issues

Software configuration is how a program is setup and which user options are selected (e.g. providing information about connecting to a printer).

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Identify the causes of installation problems. (choose all that apply)

The computer does not meet the minimum requirements of the software program, The software is not compatible with the version of the operating system, The user incorrectly entered the serial number during installation.

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Identify the causes of configuration problems. (choose all that apply)

There is not enough information provided about a connected device, The software was misconfigured by the user.

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Missing DLL Files

Files providing OS info for specific computing functions in Windows, and their loss/damage causes errors.

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Applications Running Slowly

due to OS issues, hard drive limitations, memory constraints, or too many applications running.

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When the operating system needs updates, __________.

applications might run slowly

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When there is a missing DLL file, __________.

the computer will display error messages

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Kernel Panics

Occurs when the OS finds a fatal error it cannot recover from, often resulting in a technical error message and system restart.

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System Repair Software

Software to help fix computer problems, resolve kernel panics, replace DLL files, optimize the computer, and provide more hard drive space.

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Select all the software development process models.

waterfall process model, iterative process model, agile process model, spiral process model

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What are software applications?

lines of code that were written by developers

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What happens during the software requirements specification phase? (choose all that apply)

software application results are analyzed and documented, software applications are researched

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During the _______ , development teams transform the requirements into a software application design.\nDuring the _______ , the software design is implemented by developers in code.\nIn the________ , software is evaluated for quality.\nAny issues with the software are logged as ________ to be resolved by developers.\nSoftware that is maintained by developers is said to be _______.

software design phase, software development phase, software evaluation phase, bugs, supported

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What can become lost or damaged on a computer and prevent it from working correctly? _________\nWhat type of software can you run to help fix computer problems? __\n means the process of setting up an application and selecting specific options.\nWhat is the name of the discipline concerned with the design of optimal user interfaces? ____________\nWhat do users make use of to interact with graphical icons and other visual elements in order to accomplish tasks? _______

DLL files, system software repair, software configuration, human-computer interaction, a graphical user interface

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The first phase of software development process is .\n______ helps users accomplish tasks.\n_________ensures that a software product meets customer needs.

requirements specification, application software, requirements gathering and analysis

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Study Notes

Developing Software

  • Software applications are instructions for computer systems, created through compiled code written by developers.
  • Software creation often involves teamwork, with individuals in various roles collaborating.

Software Development Process Overview

  • Software development models share a five-phase structure.
  • The five phases are: requirements specification, design, development, evaluation, and maintenance.

Phase 1: Requirements Specification

  • Developers determine what the software needs to do before writing code.
  • Current software applications are researched, and results are documented.
  • In commercial software development, this phase is often termed product planning.
  • Customer needs are researched to ensure product desirability and are known as requirements gathering and analysis.
  • Requirements are captured in a specification document ("spec" or "scope document").
  • The specification document is maintained throughout development.
  • The specification document can clarify the agreed-upon scope of work.

Phase 2: Design

  • Development teams translate the requirements into a design for the software application.
  • The design phase transforms content into information describing how the software will fulfill the requirements.

Phase 3: Development

  • The software design is implemented during the development phase.
  • Developers write code based on the design and specification document.

Phase 4: Evaluation

  • Software is evaluated for quality during this phase.
  • Testers verify code functionality against the specification document.
  • Issues are logged as bugs for developers to resolve.
  • Once software passes evaluation, it is ready for use.

Phase 5: Maintenance

  • Software maintenance involves updating code to fix bugs, improve functionality, and add new features.
  • Maintained software is considered "supported".
  • Changes are released as updates, patches, and new versions.
  • Each new update typically goes through most or all software development phases.

Software Development Process Models

  • Various models exist to improve development efficiency.
  • Common models: waterfall, iterative, agile, and spiral.
  • The development team selects the best model or a combination of models for the project.

Software Development Process Models (Continued)

  • The waterfall model progresses through phases in order: (a) requirements specification, (b) design, (c) implementation, (d) testing, (e) deployment, and (f) maintenance.
  • The waterfall model requires completing each phase before moving on, without revisiting earlier phases.
  • The iterative model aims to identify critical problems early through prototyping and development cycles.
  • Iterative models allow revisiting designs to improve the process and product.
  • The agile model is an iterative model that incorporates feedback and adapts to design changes during development.
  • The spiral model combines iterative prototyping with the waterfall model.
  • The spiral model focuses on smaller development cycles with incremental product improvements.

Application Software

  • Application software helps users accomplish tasks and runs on a platform of an operating system and hardware.

Common Features of Application Software

  • Application software features facilitate user communication.
  • These features include: a graphical user interface (GUI), a pointer, menus, a menu bar, dialog boxes, a help menu, toolbars, and buttons.

Graphical User Interface

  • A graphical user interface (GUI) enables computer interaction through symbols, pointing devices, and visual metaphors.
  • Users interact with graphical icons and visual elements.
  • Before GUIs, users typed commands on a keyboard.

Human-Computer Interaction

  • Successful user interaction is crucial for software success.
  • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) focuses on designing optimal user interfaces.
  • HCI aims to make interfaces easy to use, efficient, and well-suited to user tasks.

Common Problems Experienced With Software

  • Software applications can experience problems such as error messages, system halts, and blue screens.
  • Installation and configuration issues, missing DLL files, slow performance, and kernel panics are examples of common issues.
  • The similarities are due to shared features, operating systems, and hardware.

Installation Issues

  • Installation problems can arise from: unreadable installation CDs, hardware not meeting minimum requirements, software incompatibility with the operating system version, or incorrect serial number entry.

Configuration Issues

  • Software configuration involves setting up a program and selecting user options.
  • Problems often stem from user misconfiguration.

Missing DLL Files

  • Dynamic-Link Library (DLL) files provide information for computing functions in Microsoft Windows.
  • Missing or damaged files prevent certain functions and may trigger error messages.

Applications Running Slowly

  • Slow application performance can be caused by operating system issues, insufficient hard drive space, low memory, or too many applications running simultaneously.

Kernel Panics

  • A kernel panic occurs when the operating system encounters a fatal error.
  • In Windows, this is known as the Blue Screen of Death (BSoD).
  • A technical error message appears, after which the computer must be restarted.

System Repair Software

  • System repair software fixes computer problems.
  • It addresses operating system issues causing kernel panics.
  • It can also replace missing or nonfunctional DLL files.
  • System repair software can optimize computers and free up hard drive space.

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