Software Development Non-Functional Requirements

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Questions and Answers

What does the Performance Efficiency quality aspect primarily concern?

The satisfaction of stakeholder needs

The ease of maintenance and updates

The product's adherence to international standards

The product's ability to perform functions effectively under specified conditions (correct)

Which of these relates to the Time Behavior characteristic of a product?

The resource utilization efficiency

The security features of the system

The compatibility with other systems

The response time and throughput rates (correct)

What does Resource Utilization assess in a product?

The speed of data transfer

The level of user satisfaction

The types and amounts of resources used (correct)

The variety of features offered

Which quality aspect evaluates the maximum limits of parameters in a system?

Capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which model is associated with measuring quality in software products?

ISO/IEC 25010 Signup and view all the answers

What does Functional Suitability ensure in a product?

It performs functions as intended Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a focus of the Performance Efficiency aspect?

Functionality range Signup and view all the answers

Which quality characteristic is concerned with a product's ability to be used effectively by different stakeholders?

Interaction Capability Signup and view all the answers

What do passive classes primarily do in object-oriented modeling?

Store data and serve other classes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagrams models the static structure of a system?

Class Diagram Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by multiplicity in class diagrams?

The number of instances of one class linked to another Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes composition in class diagrams?

Strong ownership between whole and its part Signup and view all the answers

How does association differ from aggregation within class diagrams?

Aggregation shows ownership; association does not Signup and view all the answers

What role do visibility markers play in class diagrams?

Signify the accessibility of information within the class Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is true for inheritance/generalization in class diagrams?

It is a specialized version of another class Signup and view all the answers

Which diagram represents an instance of a particular moment in a system?

Object Diagram Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge associated with non-functional requirements?

They can often be contradictory. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase allows for the testing and refinement of poorly understood requirements?

Prototype Phase Signup and view all the answers

What does the User Requirement Specification typically include?

Both Functional and Non-Functional Requirements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of performance requirements?

User interface design Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'user-friendliness' in interface requirements?

It highlights particular constraints that influence user interactions. Signup and view all the answers

Why are non-functional requirements considered hard to model?

They often lack clarity and definition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that affects economic requirements in system development?

Immediate and long-term costs Signup and view all the answers

In the Design Thinking approach, what is the first step in the process?

Empathize Signup and view all the answers

What does recoverability refer to in a product or system?

The capability to recover data after an interruption or failure. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of security ensures that data remains accessible only to authorized individuals?

Confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of user error protection in a system?

To prevent users from making operational mistakes. Signup and view all the answers

How does inclusivity enhance user experience?

By ensuring the product is engaging regardless of user traits. Signup and view all the answers

What does learnability measure in a product or system?

The ease with which users can learn to use the system's functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by non-repudiation in the context of a system?

Guaranteeing that actions cannot be denied after they occur. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of operability focuses on how easy it is to control a product?

Operability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to accountability in a system?

The actions can be traced back to the responsible entity. Signup and view all the answers

What does a package diagram primarily simplify?

Complex class diagrams Signup and view all the answers

What is a component symbol used to represent in a component diagram?

A modular part of a system that encapsulates its contents Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol is used to represent the interfaces of a component in a component diagram?

Port Symbol Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an interface symbol in component diagrams?

To provide information that another component requires to function Signup and view all the answers

What does a package contain in the context of package diagrams?

Classes, access, and documents Signup and view all the answers

How does one package utilize another package's functionalities?

Through importation of required classes Signup and view all the answers

What defines the relationship between provided and required interfaces in component diagrams?

They showcase one component's need for information from another. Signup and view all the answers

In component diagrams, what is meant by a component's replaceability?

Components are interchangeable within their specific environment. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Non-Functional Requirements

Difficult to model and often stated informally, making them challenging to enforce during development and evaluate before delivery
Consider:
- Portability
- Economic requirements, including immediate and long-term costs
- Global constraints: resource, time, and methodological standards
- Interface requirements: how will the new system interface with its environment?
- Performance requirements:
  - Time: response time
  - Throughput: transactions per second

Software Development Phases

Analysis Phase: Transformation of requirements, where poorly understood requirements are refined, corrected, or strengthened
Prototype Phase: Testing and feedback on requirements with a focus on proof of concept and stakeholder feedback
User Requirement Specification (URS/URD): Precise outline of what the user expects from the system
- Includes both functional and non-functional requirements
- May include specific interface constraints
- Encourages providing prototype user interfaces

Quality Management Model

ISO/IEC 9126 - Quality Model
ISO/IEC 14598 - Process
ISO/IEC 25010: Addresses the quality characteristics and metrics for a system
- Focus on satisfying the needs of stakeholders and providing value
- Performance Efficiency: Product performs functions within specified time and throughput parameters, efficiently utilizing resources (CPU, memory, storage, network devices, energy, materials)
  - Time Behavior: Response time and throughput rates meet requirements
  - Resource utilization: Amounts and types of resources used meet requirements
  - Capacity: Maximum limits of a product or system parameter meet requirements
  - Recoverability: System can recover from interruptions or failures and re-establish its desired state
- Reliability:
- Security:
  - Defends against malicious attacks
  - Protects information and data, granting access based on authorization levels
  - Confidentiality: Data is only accessible to authorized users
  - Integrity: Data is protected from unauthorized modification or deletion
  - Non-repudiation: Actions can be traced uniquely to the entity performing them, ensuring accountability
- Maintainability:
- Appropriateness:
  - Recognizability: Users can recognize whether a product or system is appropriate for their needs
  - Learnability: Users can learn to use the system's functions within a specified time
  - Operability: Product or system is easy to operate and control
  - User Error Protection: System prevents users from making operational errors
  - User Engagement: User interface presents information and functions in an inviting and motivating way
  - Inclusivity: Accessible and usable by people of diverse backgrounds
  - Flexibility:

Design Thinking Approach

Empathize: Learn about your audience, understanding their needs and challenges
Define: Define the problem clearly
Ideate: Generate solutions and ideas
Prototype: Build a prototype to test and refine your solution
Test: Test your prototype and gather feedback

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Standardizes terminologies and diagram conventions for object-oriented development
Developed by the Object Management Group (OMG)
Three amigos: Grady Booch, Jim Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson

UML Diagram Types

Structural Diagram (Static structure of a system)
- Class Diagram:
  - Models static relationships between classes and objects
  - Represents objects, attributes, and operations within a class
  - Depicts relationships such as association, aggregation, composition, dependency, and inheritance
  - Multiplicity: Indicates the number of instances of one class linked to an instance of another class
- Package Diagram: Organizes models for large systems, containing classes, access, and documents
- Object Diagram: Captures the state of a system at a particular moment
  - Represents an instance of a class
  - Shows relationships between instances, their values, slots, and links
- Component Diagram: Models physical aspects of object-oriented systems representing modular parts of a system
  - Component Symbol: Encapsulates its contents and is replaceable within its environment
  - Interface Symbol: Represents interfaces where a component provides or requires information
  - Port Symbol: Exposes required and provided interfaces of a component
Behavioral Diagrams (Dynamic behavior of a system)
- Use Case Diagram: Models how users interact with the system
- Sequence Diagram: Models how objects interact with each other over time
- Activity Diagram: Models the workflow of a system
- State Diagram: Models how the state of an object changes over time

Class Diagram Relationships

Association: Static relationship between classes
Aggregation: Shows how classes are composed of other classes, with independent lifecycles
Composition: Shows strong ownership between a whole and its part, with a dependent lifecycle
Dependency: Changes to the definition of one class may cause changes to the definition of the other

Class vs. Object

Class: Represents static aspects of a system and does not include dynamic changes
Object: Represents instances of a class, capturing the behavior of a system in real time, and includes attribute values

Active vs. Passive Classes

Active Classes: Initiate and control the flow of activity
Passive Classes: Store data and serve other classes

Visibility Markers

Signify the accessibility of information within a class
Applied to attributes and operations:
- Public: Visible to all classes
- Private: Only visible to methods within the class
- Protected: Visible to methods within the class and its subclasses

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Description

This quiz focuses on understanding non-functional requirements in software development. It covers critical aspects, including performance, portability, and interface requirements. Dive into the phases of software development to better grasp how these requirements impact overall system evaluation.