Software Development Methodologies Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary limitation of most transactional databases?

  • They cannot be accessed for reporting and analysis at the same time. (correct)
  • They are designed only for real-time data entry.
  • They are only used for storing data without processing it.
  • They cannot integrate with external data sources.

Which term describes raw facts and figures?

  • Knowledge
  • Information
  • Input
  • Data (correct)

Why do firms typically collect only the data they will use?

  • Due to legal restrictions on data collection.
  • Because of the time and costs involved in data collection. (correct)
  • To minimize storage costs.
  • To comply with customer privacy policies.

What does it mean that many organizations are data rich but information poor?

<p>They have a lot of data but struggle to gain insights from it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of every dollar spent on technology, according to the text?

<p>It may lead to five to seven more dollars spent on consulting and other services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software for electric vehicles (EVs) requires at least ten times as much ____ as cars with regular combustion engines.

<p>power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an example of application software?

<p>Microsoft Windows (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organizations that have created a robust set of Web services and APIs around their processes and procedures are said to have a ____ architecture.

<p>service-dependent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ERP systems and enterprise software should be configured to use ____ database systems to avoid data inconsistency.

<p>homogeneous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a firm does not have common database systems with consistent formats, they ____ managing their value chain efficiently.

<p>have a much harder time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specialty devices like video game consoles and smart appliances typically need an operating system like ____.

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate which of the following?

<p>all of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of computer hardware?

<p>printer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential application of utilizing historical data in AI?

<p>Training models for predictive analytics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are deepfakes commonly known for?

<p>Creating highly realistic fake media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern led Geoffrey Hinton to resign from his role at Google?

<p>Existential threat posed by AI advancements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does generative AI like SkyNet from the Terminator films NOT currently possess?

<p>Self-awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies is considered the fastest last-mile technology?

<p>Fiber to the Home (FTTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a primary function of the Internet Protocol (IP)?

<p>To label message packets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is crucial for implementing changes in technology management?

<p>Applying change management strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complaint has China made regarding SpaceX's Starlink program?

<p>It is crowding out other initiatives in space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cloud computing primarily about?

<p>Replacing computing resources with services provided over the Internet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the integration of reporting, data exploration, and advanced analysis?

<p>Business intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes data marts?

<p>Databases focused on a specific business unit or problem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In many organizations, what is the state of data utilization?

<p>The majority of available data goes unused. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration in data-centric efforts?

<p>Collaboration between business, technical, and legal teams. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of systems are often incompatible with modern technologies?

<p>Legacy information systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause random occurrences in data mining results?

<p>Dividing data and using models for verification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application is NOT typically considered a high-valued effort powered by apps?

<p>Spreadsheet software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to collectively describe all costs associated with the design, development, testing, implementation, documentation, training, and maintenance of a software system?

<p>total cost of ownership (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can vendors using open source products expect to accelerate bringing new products to market?

<p>by skipping entire segments of the software development process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is cloud computing generally not well-suited?

<p>when managing complex legacy systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of revenue for open source vendors?

<p>selling support and consulting services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue do app developers often face due to tight control of data by service providers?

<p>conflicted usage policies across platforms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the relationship between open source and product development lifecycle?

<p>open source tends to decrease overall product lifecycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is a key advantage of using cloud computing for businesses?

<p>reduction of operational costs through on-demand resource allocation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary misconception about the use of open source software?

<p>all open source products are available for free without any license requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes cloud vendors that provide hardware, operating systems, databases, and software for clients to build applications?

<p>platform as a service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the impact of cloud computing on hardware and software sales?

<p>Cloud computing has led to decreased hardware and software sales while increasing service expenses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vulnerability contributed to the Heartbleed bug in OpenSSL?

<p>Few developers were involved in the project, negating the belief that many eyes would catch all bugs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is not accurate regarding the app economy?

<p>App stores provide equal access to all developers regardless of geography. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential downside of cloud computing for new companies in the tech sector?

<p>Cloud computing raises barriers to entry in the IT market. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has been identified as a challenge in the deployment of cloud services?

<p>User resistance to adopting cloud solutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about app stores?

<p>All apps are universally accessible across different platforms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cloud computing has altered the business landscape primarily by?

<p>Removing the need for physical infrastructure for many firms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Application Software

Software designed for specific tasks, such as editing photos, creating presentations, or browsing the internet.

Operating System

The set of instructions that a computer uses to operate.

Hardware

The physical components of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, and hard drive.

Software

The collection of programs that tell a computer how to perform a task.

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Input

Data that is put into a computer.

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Output

The information that a computer produces.

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Coding

The process of creating instructions for computers to perform.

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Program

A set of instructions that can be executed by a computer to achieve a specific goal.

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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

The total cost of owning a software system, encompassing costs associated with design, development, testing, implementation, documentation, training, and maintenance.

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Open Source and Product Development

Open source vendors can accelerate new product releases by leveraging existing open source components, reducing the need for extensive development from scratch.

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Cloud Computing Limitations

Cloud computing may not be ideal for complex legacy systems that require significant modifications to operate in a cloud environment.

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Open Source Vendor Revenue

Open source vendors often generate revenue by providing support and consulting services for open source software, helping organizations implement and maintain open source solutions.

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App Developer Platform Constraints

App developers express concern about platform restrictions imposed by service providers, limiting their ability to control data and functionality within their apps.

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Software System Costs

The overall cost of a software system, including vendor pricing, is a factor to consider when making purchasing decisions.

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Software Product Lifecycle

The time required to develop and bring a software product to market is directly related to the development process, including design, coding, testing, and deployment.

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ROI for Software Systems

The return on investment (ROI) for a software system measures its financial benefits against its costs.

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What is data?

Raw facts and figures before being processed or organized.

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What is information?

Data that has been processed and organized to be meaningful and useful.

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What are archaic systems?

Outdated or legacy systems that may not be efficient or compatible with modern technology.

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What are transactional databases?

Systems that are designed for recording and processing transactions.

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What are analytical databases?

Databases designed for analysis and reporting, allowing users to explore data from multiple perspectives.

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A situation where a cloud provider controls all aspects of the technology stack, allowing clients to build applications on top of their pre-configured environment.

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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A cloud service model where providers offer access to computing resources like servers, storage, and networking, allowing customers to manage their own operating systems and applications.

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Walled Garden

A closed ecosystem where users can only access content and applications approved by the platform provider.

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Security Vulnerability

A security vulnerability that exploits software flaws, allowing malicious actors to access sensitive information.

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Heartbleed Bug

A software flaw in OpenSSL, a widely used security library, that allowed attackers to steal data from websites.

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

A cloud service model where providers offer readily available software applications over the internet, eliminating the need for installation and maintenance on individual devices.

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App Economy

The trend of building and using applications primarily through mobile devices, often downloaded from app stores and used for various purposes.

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User Resistance

The potential challenges and resistance faced by users in adopting new technologies or changing their existing practices.

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Cloud computing

The practice of using Internet-based services to access computing resources, such as servers, storage, and software, instead of owning and maintaining them locally.

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Big Data

A collection of data from various sources, often unstructured and massive, presenting challenges for traditional processing and analysis.

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Business intelligence

A process that combines reporting, data exploration, analysis, and modeling to gain insights from data.

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Data marts

Specialized databases designed to meet the needs of specific problems or business units, often derived from larger data warehouses.

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Legacy systems

Older information systems that may be incompatible with newer systems, technologies, or business practices.

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Data mining validation

The process of detecting random occurrences in data mining results by dividing data and building a model with one portion, then validating it using another.

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Unexploited data

The majority of data available in many organizations remains untapped, creating a missed opportunity for insights and value.

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Legal involvement in data initiatives

Data-centric initiatives should involve input not only from business and IT staff, but also from the legal team to ensure compliance and data security.

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Generative AI

AI systems that are trained on massive amounts of data to generate realistic and seemingly human-like text, images, videos, or even audio.

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Deepfakes

Deepfakes are synthetic media that are designed to convincingly imitate real people, often used for deception or entertainment purposes.

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Utilizing historical data for training models

The process of using historical data to train AI models to identify patterns and make predictions about future outcomes.

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Using demographic data for risk prediction

A controversial practice where AI models are trained on demographic data to make predictions about individuals' behavior or characteristics, often raising ethical concerns.

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Existential threat posed by AI

A common concern about the development of advanced AI, suggesting that AI systems could become so intelligent and powerful that they pose an existential threat to humanity.

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Cloud-based AI services

A set of technologies that allow computing resources, such as servers, storage, and software, to be accessed over the internet, providing flexibility and scalability.

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Developing proprietary algorithms

The process of developing and implementing algorithms specifically for a particular task or problem, giving organizations control over their AI solutions.

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Implementing change management strategies

Strategies and procedures used to manage and implement changes within an organization, particularly important for incorporating AI technologies and addressing potential disruptions.

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Study Notes

Software Development Methodologies

  • Methods to divide tasks into smaller, more manageable parts focused on creating better products with more robust management techniques are software development methodologies, which expand project scope.

Agile Projects

  • Agile projects are organized and managed by breaking deliverables into smaller, manageable work periods called sprints.

Software Systems

  • Software systems support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network, like business intelligence systems.

Programming Languages

  • These include scripting languages, web services, and client applications.

Software Development Methodologies 2

  • Software development methodologies are frameworks for dividing software creation and deployment tasks.

Software Development Methodology 3

  • Agile development is an iterative methodology focusing on speed and adaptability to changing requirements.

Server Applications and Software

  • In a rapidly growing tech startup, agile development is favored as it allows for adaptations as needed.

Software Rollouts

  • Many software rollouts' issues are common across various industries, but specific industry standards can exacerbate these.

Enterprise Software

  • Enterprise software is used for everyday tasks like inventory management, tracking inventory, and processing large amounts of data.

Programming Languages 2

  • Programming languages include scripting languages, used for automation and custom tasks; web services, which are used for communication; and client applications, which interact with systems.

Integrated Development Environment

  • An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software program. It includes tools and features for developing computer programs.

Precise Instructions for the Computer

  • A program is a set of precise instructions that tells the computer what to do.

Software for Electric Vehicles

  • Software for EVs requires significantly more code than software for regular combustion engine cars.

Application Software

  • Examples of application software include Adobe Photoshop, TikTok, and Canvas.

Robust Web Services and APIs

  • Organizations with robust Web services and API procedures have a service-dependent architecture.

Database Systems

  • Using different database systems for ERP and enterprise software is vital to avoid data inconsistency issues.

Implications of Diverse Database Systems

  • Firms without common database systems have a much harder time managing their value chain effectively.

Specialty Devices

  • Specialty devices, like video game consoles and set-top boxes, often need operating systems like MacOS or Windows.

Language Models (LLMs)

  • Large Language Models (LLMs) can create various forms of text content.

Computer Hardware

  • A video game console is an example of computer hardware.

Software Product Scalability

  • The ability of a software product to adapt well in the face of increased workload is a key aspect of scalability.

Commoditization of Services

  • Network effects are a key aspect of the commoditization of services.

Intellectual Property and Source Code

  • Conventional software firms typically protect their intellectual property and rarely share source code.

Software Automating Processes

  • Automating critical proprietary processes can be a successful SaaS approach for competitive advantage within organizations.

Legacy Systems

  • Legacy systems might require adapting to new hardware or cloud technologies.

Total Cost of Ownership

  • This encapsulates all associated costs for software including the initial purchase and maintenance.

Open source Products

  • Open source systems frequently reduce development times and lead to faster product launches for vendors.

Cloud Computing

  • Cloud computing often avoids the need for a significant hardware investment.

Open Source Revenue

  • One revenue source for open-source vendors might be support and consulting for their products.

App Platform Restrictions

  • The "walled garden" concept describes platforms with limited access, controlling a large portion of users' data.

Cloud Computing Services

  • Cloud vendors that offer a combination of hardware, operating system, database, and software, are providing platform as a service.

Cloud Computing and Desired Skills

  • Cloud computing has shifted the power balance towards venture capital funds in industries that previously relied on significant initial capital.

Vulnerabilities in OpenSSL

  • A lack of oversight by a commercial entity played a role in vulnerabilities in OpenSSL.

App Economies

  • App stores may restrict access to certain geographic areas, and some apps that work well on one platform may not on another.

Cloud Computing Definitions

  • Cloud computing primarily refers to the ability to replace physical computing resources with internet-based services.

Data Rich/Information Rich

  • Some organizations are data-rich but not information-rich because they do not effectively transform data into actionable information.

Technology Expenditures

  • Investments in technology often lead to significant returns in other areas, like business consulting and overhead costs.

Competing ISPs and Network Equipment

  • An important concept for the modern internet, the competing ISPs connect their networking systems for traffic sharing.

Cable Technology Drawbacks

  • Cable technology has limitations in data transmission efficiency when compared to other systems.
  • Telemedicine providers and humanitarians in war-torn areas utilize Starlink.

Internet Networks

  • Internet networks rely on packet switching for data transmission instead of the older circuit switching method.

Letter Case and Domain Names

  • Letter case in typing host and domain names doesn't hinder finding the destination in web addresses.

IPV6 Addresses

  • IPv6 addresses are represented differently compared to IPv4.

DSL Transition Challenges

  • One potential problem with the transition from DSL to full fiber-optic (FTTH) is the costs of infrastructure investments.

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Description

Explore the various software development methodologies that enhance project management and product quality. This quiz covers Agile projects, software systems, and programming languages, focusing on breaking down tasks for efficiency. Test your knowledge on these essential concepts in software development.

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