Software Development Chapter 6
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Questions and Answers

What are the two states of a conventional light switch?

  • On and Off (correct)
  • 1 and 2
  • Bright and Dim
  • Active and Inactive

What base system do humans primarily use for counting?

  • Base 8
  • Base 16
  • Base 10 (correct)
  • Base 2

In binary, what is the result of adding 1 + 1?

  • 1
  • 2
  • 11
  • 10 (correct)

What is the value of the binary number 100 in decimal?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does each bit's position in a byte determine?

<p>Its value in decimal conversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum decimal value that can be represented with one byte?

<p>255 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rightmost digit in binary when adding 1 to 1?

<p>It becomes 0 and resets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it beneficial to understand binary to decimal conversion?

<p>It's material to understanding how assembly works (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of assembly language compared to higher-level languages?

<p>It can be faster. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an assembler do?

<p>Translates assembly code into executable machine code. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which purpose is assembly language NOT typically used?

<p>Web development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the binary notational system?

<p>A system that computers use to process information as 1s and 0s. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a device that translates assembly language?

<p>Assembler. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of assembly language?

<p>High-level abstraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might virus programmers prefer assembly language?

<p>It is closer to the hardware. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of data that a computer can understand?

<p>Bit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason people need software programs?

<p>Computers require instructions to operate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lines of code does Windows 10 reportedly have?

<p>65 million lines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about lines of code in programming?

<p>They always indicate quality of the software. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between programming languages?

<p>Each language has distinct grammar and syntax. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does most software developers typically specialize in?

<p>A few languages but understand many. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the chapter mentioned?

<p>To provide an overview of foundational concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might developers find lines of code a poor measure of success?

<p>Lines of code do not relate to the program's functionality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about programmers, developers, and coders is true?

<p>These terms are used interchangeably. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of standard ASCII?

<p>It lacks support for non-English characters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many characters does UTF-16 support?

<p>65,536 characters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows UTF-8 to be identical to ASCII?

<p>It uses 8 bits for encoding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which character set supports the most diverse range of characters and languages?

<p>Unicode (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a 32-bit Intel processor is being described with the identifier AL?

<p>Accumulator register (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the binary code 10110000 00101010 represent?

<p>Move into a memory register the value 42. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplified hexadecimal representation of the binary command 10110000 00101010?

<p>B0 2A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of working with assembly language?

<p>Simpler than high-level programming languages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a program using a compiled language?

<p>Write the application in a programming language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of a compiled programming language?

<p>Translates source code to machine code using a compiler (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following programming languages is NOT listed as a popular compiled language?

<p>Python (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Java indicate code blocks in its syntax?

<p>Using braces {} (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What file extension is commonly associated with executed programs in Windows?

<p>.exe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What character precedes single-line comments in Java?

<p>// (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the source code that prints 'Hello, world!' in Java?

<p>It uses double quotes for strings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language's source code example begins with 'using namespace std;'?

<p>C++ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the command MOV represent in assembly language?

<p>Move data from one location to another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the semicolon in assembly code?

<p>It indicates the start of a comment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correctly describes the structure of a line of assembly code?

<p>It contains instructions, directives, data, and comments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first program often taught to beginners in programming?

<p>Hello, world! (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a compiled language?

<p>It is translated into machine code before execution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example assembly code, what does 'mov edx,len' signify?

<p>Setting the length of the message (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about assembly language is true?

<p>It allows direct hardware manipulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the instruction 'int 0x80' do in the assembly code example?

<p>It initiates a system call to the kernel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Software Development

The process of creating software programs and applications.

Programming Language

A set of rules and symbols used to tell a computer what to do.

Lines of Code

A measure of the length of a software program, typically not a good measure of complexity

Software Developer

A person who creates and develops software applications.

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Programming Languages Exist

Numerous languages are available for creating software, each requiring unique syntax rules from others

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Software Complexity

Large software applications, like an operating system, often contain many millions of lines of code.

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Computer Instructions

Specific commands that direct a computer's actions delivered through software.

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Software Packages

Pre-programmed collections of instructions (code) to provide specific functions.

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Assembly Language

The lowest-level programming language, providing instructions directly to the computer's hardware.

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Machine Code

Executable code generated from assembly language by an assembler.

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Assembler

A program that converts assembly language into executable machine code.

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Processor Architecture

The specific design of a computer's central processor.

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Binary System

The base-2 number system used by computers, with digits 0 and 1.

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Bit

A single binary digit, either 1 or 0.

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Byte

A group of eight bits.

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Reverse Engineering

The process of analyzing an existing program's code to understand its functionality.

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Binary System

A numbering system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.

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Binary Addition

Adding numbers using the binary system. If 1+1=10.

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Byte

Eight bits of data.

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Bit Position Value

A bit's impact on the overall decimal value of a binary number is defined by its position within the binary number.

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Binary to Decimal Conversion

Converting a binary number to its equivalent decimal number.

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Decimal System

A numbering system that uses ten digits (0 through 9).

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Bit

A single unit of digital information that can have a value of 0 or 1.

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Conversion from Binary to Decimal (Numerical Example)

The binary number (10010001) has a decimal value of 145 which derives from 128 + 16 + 4 in the positional system.

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ASCII

A character encoding standard that represents text characters using numerical codes. It supports most English characters but lacks representation for many other languages.

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Unicode

A character encoding standard that aims to support all known characters and writing systems globally. It's a superset of ASCII.

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UTF-8

A specific implementation of the Unicode standard. It uses 8 bits (one byte) to encode most common characters.

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UTF-16

A specific implementation of the Unicode standard, using 16 bits (two bytes) to encode a wider range of characters.

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Assembly language

A low-level programming language that uses human-readable mnemonics (short codes) to represent instructions for a computer's processor.

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Machine Code

The binary code instructions that a computer processor directly executes. It's the language 'spoken' by the computer hardware itself.

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Memory Register

A small storage location within a computer's processor used to hold data during processing.

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Binary code

A way to represent data using only 0s and 1s, the fundamental language of computers.

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Mnemonic Codes

Short, memorable codes used to represent computer instructions, simplifying the process of writing assembly code.

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Comments in Assembly

Text after a semicolon in an assembly language program that is ignored by the processor during execution. Used for clarifying code.

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Assembly Language Structure

A line of assembly code includes instructions, directives, data, and (optionally) comments to give explicit instructions to the processor.

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"Hello, world!" Program

A basic program used to demonstrate displaying output (text messages) on a screen. Used as a starting example in programming for multiple languages.

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Compiled Languages

Programming languages in which source code is translated into machine code before execution, often through a compiler.

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Assembly Language Commands

Instructions to manipulate data or memory in a computer, written in assembly code (e.g., MOV, ADD).

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Assembly Language in Software

Basic set of instructions that is used directly by computer hardware. These instructions may then be used by higher-level languages or in combination with higher-level languages.

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High-Level Languages

Modern programming languages that programmers use to create applications, that translate more complex and abstract programming to the low level functions of the processor.

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Compiled Programming Language

A programming language that requires a compiler to translate source code into machine code before execution.

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Source Code

The code written by a programmer in a high-level programming language, like Java or C++

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Compiler

A program that translates source code into machine code.

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Machine Code

The low-level binary instructions that a computer's processor directly understands and executes.

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Java Code (Example)

Source code written using the Java programming language, demonstrated in a 'HelloWorld' example.

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Assembly Language

A low-level programming language that uses short codes (mnemonics) to represent instructions for a computer's processor.

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Syntax Differences (Java vs. Assembly)

Differences in structure and format between Java and assembly language code, including use of braces, comments, and quotes.

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C++ code

A program written in C++, typically including functions and libraries.

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Study Notes

Chapter 6: Software Development

  • Exam Objectives Covered: 1.1 Compare and contrast notational systems, 1.2 Compare and contrast fundamental data types and their characteristics, 4.1 Compare and contrast programming language categories, 4.2 Given a scenario, use programming organizational techniques and interpret logic.
  • Notational Systems:
    • Binary (base-2): Uses 1s and 0s.
    • Hexadecimal (base-16): Uses 0-9 and A-F.
    • Decimal (base-10): Uses 0-9.
    • Data Representation: Computers represent data using binary code.
    • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): Codes for representing text and special characters using 7 bits.
    • Unicode (superset of ASCII): Codes that support more characters and languages using multiple bytes.

Fundamental Data Types

  • Char: Represents a single character.
  • Strings: Represents zero or more characters.
  • Numbers: Whole numbers without decimals.
  • Integers: Whole numbers without decimals.
  • Floats: Numbers with decimals.
  • Boolean: Represents true or false values (typically 1 or 0).

Programming Language Categories

  • Interpreted: Instructions are executed one at a time by an interpreter.
  • Compiled: The entire program is translated into machine code once before execution.
  • Scripting Languages: Used to automate tasks; they need an interpreter.
  • Scripted Languages: A type of scripting language.
  • Markup Languages: Describe the structure of documents or information (like web pages; Examples: HTML, XML.)

Organizational Techniques

  • Pseudocode: A way to plan out the logic of a program using human-readable descriptions.
  • Flowchart: A visual representation of the program's logic flow using symbols.
  • Sequential Structure.
  • Branching: Uses if or if-else statements to take different paths based on conditions.
  • Looping: Repeats a set of statements while a condition is true (using while statements).

Programming Concepts

  • Identifiers: Names for variables and constants.
  • Variables: Store and hold different values.
  • Constants: Values don't change throughout the program.
  • Containers: Hold multiple values (e.g., arrays and vectors).
  • Arrays: Data in a fixed size; all items with same data type.
  • Vectors: Data in a dynamic size; items can be different data types.
  • Functions: Reusable blocks of code for specific tasks.
  • Objects: Contain data (attributes/properties) as well as functions (methods).

Data Representation

  • Binary, Decimal, Hexadecimal, ASCII, Unicode conversions.
  • Sample ASCII codes.
  • Using calculators to perform conversions.

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ITF Chapter 6 Software Development PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts in Software Development Chapter 6, focusing on notational systems and fundamental data types. Topics include binary, hexadecimal, decimal representation, ASCII, Unicode, and various data types like chars, strings, integers, and floats. Test your understanding of these essential programming concepts.

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