Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of software is specifically designed to control products and systems within industrial markets?
What type of software is specifically designed to control products and systems within industrial markets?
- Web-based software
- Artificial intelligence software
- Business software
- Embedded software (correct)
What characteristic makes software elastic?
What characteristic makes software elastic?
- It is easily replicated. (correct)
- It is built to resist modifications.
- It requires constant updates.
- It functions independently of changes.
Which statement accurately describes the trend in software costs after 2020?
Which statement accurately describes the trend in software costs after 2020?
- Software costs have decreased significantly.
- Software costs do not influence overall system costs.
- Software costs are usually lower than hardware costs.
- Maintenance costs of software may exceed development costs. (correct)
Which type of software is characterized by non-numerical algorithms to tackle complex problems?
Which type of software is characterized by non-numerical algorithms to tackle complex problems?
Why can a small change in code significantly affect software behavior?
Why can a small change in code significantly affect software behavior?
What is a notable characteristic of the software development process compared to hardware?
What is a notable characteristic of the software development process compared to hardware?
What is an example of system software?
What is an example of system software?
Which application domain does personal computer software primarily encompass?
Which application domain does personal computer software primarily encompass?
Which of the following is categorized as application software?
Which of the following is categorized as application software?
What is one reason that software project failure is increasingly common?
What is one reason that software project failure is increasingly common?
What is a fundamental challenge in measuring software development progress?
What is a fundamental challenge in measuring software development progress?
Which type of system software is responsible for managing computer resources?
Which type of system software is responsible for managing computer resources?
Which of the following best describes web-based software?
Which of the following best describes web-based software?
Application software for accounting operations is classified as what?
Application software for accounting operations is classified as what?
Regarding common software types, which statements accurately describe engineering/scientific software?
Regarding common software types, which statements accurately describe engineering/scientific software?
Why is the cost of software development often high?
Why is the cost of software development often high?
What percentage of new systems were canceled according to the Bureau of Labour Statistics?
What percentage of new systems were canceled according to the Bureau of Labour Statistics?
Which of the following statements reflects a common issue reported in the software crisis?
Which of the following statements reflects a common issue reported in the software crisis?
What was the average schedule overshoot for projects as reported by the Bureau of Labour Statistics?
What was the average schedule overshoot for projects as reported by the Bureau of Labour Statistics?
Which project was reported to be 180 million pounds over budget?
Which project was reported to be 180 million pounds over budget?
What major issue highlighted by the IBM Survey in 2000 impacted system completion?
What major issue highlighted by the IBM Survey in 2000 impacted system completion?
What did the National Audit Office report indicate about the Home Office IT project?
What did the National Audit Office report indicate about the Home Office IT project?
What complexity was cited as a cause for the software crisis?
What complexity was cited as a cause for the software crisis?
What was one of the outcomes for large systems according to the Bureau of Labour Statistics?
What was one of the outcomes for large systems according to the Bureau of Labour Statistics?
Which phase contributes the largest percentage of cost to the software development life cycle?
Which phase contributes the largest percentage of cost to the software development life cycle?
What is one of the main difficulties in accurately estimating software project costs?
What is one of the main difficulties in accurately estimating software project costs?
Why is adding more personnel to a software project often counterproductive?
Why is adding more personnel to a software project often counterproductive?
Which of the following is a reason software is considered difficult to maintain?
Which of the following is a reason software is considered difficult to maintain?
What is a significant communication barrier in software development?
What is a significant communication barrier in software development?
What aspect is NOT typically a project characteristic that influences software development?
What aspect is NOT typically a project characteristic that influences software development?
What should engineers respect regarding their employers or clients?
What should engineers respect regarding their employers or clients?
Which of the following actions is considered a violation of professional responsibility in engineering?
Which of the following actions is considered a violation of professional responsibility in engineering?
What must software engineers prioritize to be respected as professionals?
What must software engineers prioritize to be respected as professionals?
What should engineers ensure regarding intellectual property?
What should engineers ensure regarding intellectual property?
What is one of the challenges faced by software engineering in the context of user expectations?
What is one of the challenges faced by software engineering in the context of user expectations?
What is an example of computer misuse that software engineers should avoid?
What is an example of computer misuse that software engineers should avoid?
What is a key component of the ACM/IEEE Code of Ethics?
What is a key component of the ACM/IEEE Code of Ethics?
Which group is primarily responsible for producing the Code of Ethics in software engineering?
Which group is primarily responsible for producing the Code of Ethics in software engineering?
What statement reflects the ideal aspiration of software engineers in their profession?
What statement reflects the ideal aspiration of software engineers in their profession?
Which of these should be avoided when practicing computer engineering?
Which of these should be avoided when practicing computer engineering?
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Study Notes
Software Replication and Complexity
- Software replication is easy, contributing to its elasticity and increasing complexity over time.
- Small code changes can significantly alter a system's overall behavior.
- Software development is a nascent field, leading to a lack of effective, well-calibrated techniques.
Challenges in Software Development
- Software projects often extend timeframes, pushing completion dates.
- High development costs arise from the intricacies involved in software creation.
- Comprehensive error detection prior to delivery is challenging due to evolving software conditions.
- Maintenance of existing programs consumes significant time and resources.
- Progress measurement in software development is complex and often inaccurate.
Types of Software
System Software
- Designed to manage computer hardware and provide a platform for applications.
- Comprises various programs:
- Operating Systems (e.g., Windows, Linux)
- System Utilities (e.g., disk management tools)
- Programming Languages and tools (e.g., compilers, IDEs)
Application Software
- Programs dedicated to performing specific user tasks:
- General Purpose Applications (e.g., word processors, spreadsheets)
- Application Specific Applications (e.g., accounting software, database management)
Common Software Categories
- Business Software: Management information systems leveraging large databases for business insights.
- Embedded Software: Resides in hardware, often using read-only memory for product control.
- Web-based Software: Provides extensive software resources via the internet.
- AI Software: Uses algorithms to tackle complex problems in areas like robotics and neural networks.
- Personal Computer Software: Grows rapidly, encompassing a variety of user-friendly applications.
Software Development Costs
- Software expenses tend to surpass hardware costs, especially in PCs.
- Maintenance costs can exceed initial development costs, particularly for long-term use systems.
- Efficient software development prioritizes cost-effectiveness.
Software Failure and Crisis
- Software development is fundamentally different from manufacturing; it’s engineered, not produced.
- Software failure patterns differ from hardware, with no physical wear.
- Real-world statistics indicate a high frequency of budget overruns and project cancellations.
Common Software Project Issues
- Many software projects exceed budgets or fall behind schedules.
- Development inefficiency can lead to poor-quality software.
- Communication challenges often arise among different stakeholder groups, impacting outcome coherence.
Ethical Responsibilities in Software Engineering
- Software engineers must adhere to ethical standards beyond technical skills.
- Confidentiality: Respect client confidentiality irrespective of formal agreements.
- Competence: Engineers should accurately represent their skill levels and avoid unsustainable work.
- Intellectual Property: Protect the rights of clients and employers regarding intellectual creations.
- Computer Misuse: Avoid using technical skills for unauthorized purposes.
ACM/IEEE Code of Ethics
- Establishes ethical standards within the field of software engineering.
- Comprises eight guiding principles directing professionals in behavior and decision-making processes.
- Encourages commitment to elevating software analysis, specification, design, development, testing, and maintenance as a respected profession.
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