Software Design and Architecture T.Y. Computer

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for project failures related to requirements?

Lack of planning

Unrealistic expectations

Lack of user involvement

Incomplete requirements (correct)

Which aspect is NOT included in the topics covered by Use Case Diagrams?

System boundary

Generalization among actors

Modeling the context of a system

Data flow analysis (correct)

What term describes the relationship where one actor is a specialized version of another in a Use Case Diagram?

Extension point

Generalization (correct)

Association

System boundary

Which of the following issues is NOT mentioned as a challenge in project planning?

Insufficient stakeholder feedback Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a Use Case Diagram defines the boundary of the system being modeled?

System boundary Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of use case modelling?

To capture functional requirements of systems Signup and view all the answers

In Use Case Diagrams, what does an 'extension point' refer to?

A situation where a use case extends another use case Signup and view all the answers

What do use cases primarily help to model in a system?

The requirements of the system Signup and view all the answers

In use case modelling, who typically starts a use case?

The primary actor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for project failures?

Changing requirements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items is NOT part of the Software Requirements Specification (SRS)?

Cost estimation analysis Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do requirements specify for a system?

What behavior the system should offer Signup and view all the answers

What should be identified first when beginning use case modelling?

System boundary Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a use case?

A case of use by a specific actor to achieve a goal Signup and view all the answers

What is an actor in the context of use cases?

Any user or entity that interacts with the system Signup and view all the answers

What type of requirements are typically included in the use case model?

Functional and non-functional requirements Signup and view all the answers

What primary characteristic defines a use case?

Describes how the system shall be used by an actor to achieve a goal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about use cases is true?

Use cases should be named in present tense verb phrases in active voice Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a type of use case mentioned?

User Use Case Signup and view all the answers

What does a use case specify regarding an actor's interaction?

The expected system behavior from the actor's perspective Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct precondition for the 'Pay Sales Tax' use case?

It is the end of the business quarter Signup and view all the answers

What role do use cases NOT play according to the defined characteristics?

They capture sequences of operations performed Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the first steps in the use case analysis methodology?

Find Actors Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the system is emphasized by a use case?

The system as a black box Signup and view all the answers

What defines the system boundary in a use case?

The external entities interacting with the system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an actor in a use case?

A role played by an external entity when interacting with the system Signup and view all the answers

Why are use cases important for project management?

They involve users for requirement gathering Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase refers to the relationship in a use case diagram that indicates when one use case includes functionality from another?

Inclusion Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when identifying actors for a system?

The external systems that interact with it Signup and view all the answers

What does the abstract use case represent?

General functionality without specific details Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the different types of use cases is true?

Concrete use cases provide specific actions to be performed Signup and view all the answers

What role does the use case diagram play in system design?

It shows the relationships among system entities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Use Case Diagrams

Use case diagrams illustrate system interactions, showing relationships between actors and use cases.
Key components include actors, system boundary, use case specifications, and their relationships such as inclusion and extension.
Important for modeling system context and requirements.

Use Case Modeling

An essential part of requirements engineering, helping define system boundaries and functions.
Involves identifying actors, finding use cases, and creating use case specifications and scenarios.

Importance of Requirements

Incomplete requirements are the leading cause of project failures.
Factors contributing to failures: lack of user involvement, unrealistic expectations, lack of planning, and changing requirements.

Definition of Requirements

Requirements specify what needs to be implemented, including desired behaviors, properties, and constraints of the system.
A software requirement specification (SRS) consists of functional and non-functional requirements alongside a use case model.

Understanding Use Cases

Use cases describe the functional requirements of a system and were first introduced by Jacobson in 1987.
They outline sequences of events initiated by actors that achieve meaningful system actions.
Always start with primary actors; secondary actors may interact but do not initiate use cases.

Identifying Use Cases

Begin with a list of actors and ask what functions they require from the system.
Evaluate if the system needs to store/retrieve information or react to external events.

Key Concepts in Use Cases

Define system boundaries and identify all actors, which can include humans, roles, and external systems.
Use cases can be abstract or concrete, emphasizing different levels of detail or specific actions.

Actor Identification

Actors are entities that interact directly with the system, helping establish system boundaries.
Consider who uses the system, what roles they play, and how they interact with it.

Purpose of Use Cases

Serve as a means to capture and validate requirements while involving users in the process.
Assist in identifying design elements and facilitate project management, design iterations, and testing.

Distinction of Use Cases

Use cases do not depict internal functionalities or capture non-functional requirements; they focus solely on external interactions and user goals.
Not to be confused with single line messages or overview documents.

Characteristics of Use Cases

They describe interactions to achieve specific goals using present tense and active voice.
Should maintain an appropriate level of detail without assumptions about system implementation.

Use Case Specification

Formatting includes use case name, unique identifier, brief description, involved actors, preconditions, main flows, postconditions, and any alternative flows.

Types of Use Cases

Differentiate between business and system use cases based on their focus and application within projects.

When to Analyze Use Cases

Use case analysis is conducted to understand system behaviors from various actor perspectives, ensuring comprehensive coverage of user interactions.

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Description

This quiz is designed for T.Y. Computer students for the academic year 2024-25. It focuses on the key concepts and materials related to Software Design and Architecture, as outlined in the study materials. Students are encouraged to refer to multiple sources for a comprehensive understanding.