Software Crisis Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are some of the critical quality issues to be evaluated in software products?

Speed and Openness

Cost and Functionality

Complexity and User friendliness

Correctness and Security (correct)

How can software evolution be metaphorically described?

As a tree (correct)

As a labyrinth

As a pyramid

As a circle

What was the main programming technique of the 1980s?

Object Oriented Programming

Modular Programming

Structured Programming (correct)

Bottom-Up Programming

Which principle aims to ensure systems can adapt to future changes?

Extensibility Signup and view all the answers

Which programming approach became popular with the introduction of the C language?

Structured Programming Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge faced by the software industry in terms of system design?

Representing real-life entities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a quality issue in software evaluation?

Aesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What do the layers of software evolution represent?

Improvements over previous layers Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of procedure-oriented programming?

It organizes instructions into groups known as functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage associated with global data in procedure-oriented programming?

Global data can lead to unintended modifications by functions. Signup and view all the answers

In procedure-oriented programming, how are problems typically viewed?

As a sequence of actions or tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What does Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) mainly aim to achieve?

To eliminate some pitfalls of conventional programming methods. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the typical structure of a procedure-oriented program?

It consists of a main program with multiple functions. Signup and view all the answers

Why is identifying data usage in a large procedure-oriented program often difficult?

Functions can share global data without strict organization. Signup and view all the answers

What do flowcharts typically represent in the context of procedure-oriented programming?

The flow of control from one action to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about global data in procedure-oriented programming?

Global data can lead to confusion over which function utilizes it. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Software Crisis

The software industry faced challenges in managing rapid development, leading to a "software crisis"
The crisis highlighted several key issues that needed to be addressed in software design and development.
- Representing real-world entities in system design
- Designing systems with open interfaces for flexibility
- Ensuring reusability and extensibility of modules to reduce redundancy
- Developing modules tolerant to future changes for easier maintenance
- Improving software productivity and reducing cost
- Enhancing software quality
- Managing time schedules effectively
- Industrializing the software development process to improve efficiency and consistency
Software quality was a crucial aspect of the crisis. Key quality issues included:
- Correctness
- Maintainability
- Reusability
- Openness
- Portability
- Security
- Integrity
- User-friendliness

Software Evolution

The evolution of software has been likened to a tree, with layered growth representing improvements over previous phases.
The evolution of software technology can be visualized as distinct layers:
- Machine language
- Assembly language
- Procedure programming
- Object-oriented programming
Each layer builds upon the previous ones, improving functionality, efficiency, and developer capabilities.

Procedure-Oriented Programming

Traditional high-level programming languages like COBOL, FORTRAN, and C are associated with procedure-oriented programming.
In this approach, problems are broken down into a sequence of steps or procedures to be executed.
The primary focus is on functions that perform specific tasks. Program structure resembles a hierarchy of functions, with a main program organizing the call flow.
Data can be shared globally between functions, or locally within specific functions.
Global data can pose challenges due to its vulnerability to unintentional changes, difficulty in tracking usage by different functions, and the need for widespread revisions when changes are required.
The procedure-oriented approach struggles to accurately model real-world problems.

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Description

This quiz investigates the challenges faced by the software industry during the 'software crisis.' It highlights significant issues in software design and development, such as manageability, software quality, and productivity. Participants will explore solutions to enhance software systems and improve efficiency.