13-Software Management

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Questions and Answers

Why is it necessary to manage changes in software development?

To prevent changes from happening

To reduce customer value

To ensure that all requirements are defined upfront

To adapt to changing market opportunities, regulations, and business needs (correct)

What can happen if a developer implements a change without communicating with the team?

The documented requirements will become inaccurate (correct)

The project scope will increase

The team will be more efficient

The customer will be more satisfied

Why is a change control policy necessary?

To prevent changes from happening

To reduce the project scope

To ensure that changes are approved by the customer

To define how project teams will handle proposed changes (correct)

What should happen to a change request that is not submitted according to the process?

It will not be considered Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of feasibility exploration?

To explore the possibility of a change Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if changes are not managed during development?

An expectation gap will occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tracking the total number of change requests received?

To evaluate the completeness of original requirements Signup and view all the answers

What does a sustained high frequency of changes imply?

A risk of failing to meet project schedule commitments Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tracing requirements?

To ensure that customer needs are met Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of tracing requirements?

Finding missing or unnecessary requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a requirements traceability matrix?

To map requirements to implementation and testing Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of requirements trace link?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of change impact analysis?

Ensuring that changes do not affect system elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tracking the effort devoted to processing and implementing change requests?

To determine the cost of implementing changes Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of requirements tracing in maintenance?

Ensuring that changes are made properly Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chart that shows the number of change requests from different sources?

To discuss with stakeholders about the origin of change requests Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a sensible change control process?

To provide the greatest customer and business value while controlling the product's life-cycle cost and the project's schedule Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to perform impact analysis for every change?

To identify the consequences of accepting the change Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting the rationale behind every approval or rejection of a change request?

To record the reason for the decision Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Change Control Board (CCB)?

To decide which changes to implement Signup and view all the answers

What should happen after a change request is approved?

The request is assigned a priority, a target implementation date, or a specific release Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of verification in the change control process?

To ensure that modified deliverables correctly address all aspects of the change Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a change request to be considered complete?

The status of the request is Rejected, Closed, or Canceled, and all modified work products are updated and stored in the correct locations Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to trace the contents of the change database?

To ensure that all stakeholders have access to the change database Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of measuring change activity?

To assess the stability of the requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of evaluating a change request?

To ensure that the consequences of accepting the change are understood Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Requirements Traceability Matrix?

To define links between system elements Signup and view all the answers

What type of relationship can exist between a functional requirement and tests?

One-to-many Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to maintaining traceability information?

To focus on tracing between business requirements and user requirements Signup and view all the answers

Why is requirements tracing necessary in certain industries?

To meet regulatory requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of auditing the trace information periodically?

To ensure that the trace information is being kept current Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to applying requirements tracing?

To educate the team about the concepts and importance of tracing Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of maintaining a Requirements Traceability Matrix?

To look for alignment, omissions, and unnecessary requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of defining labeling conventions for system elements?

To ensure that each system element has a unique identifier Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to collecting trace information?

To have each participant provide the requested trace information as they complete small bodies of work Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of requirements tracing in certain projects?

It is necessary for certification of aviation software Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Why Manage Changes?

Software change is necessary and inevitable due to evolving business needs, market opportunities, and regulations.
Managing changes helps prevent expectation gaps and associated problems, frustration, rework, and wasted time.

Change Control Policy

A change control policy should be communicated to handle proposed changes in requirements.
The policy should cover the process for submitting change requests, evaluating changes, and implementing approved changes.

Change Control Process

The change control process helps project leaders make informed business decisions while controlling the product's life-cycle cost and project schedule.
The process involves:
- Evaluating change requests to understand consequences and impact
- Making change decisions with consideration of technical feasibility, cost, and business requirements
- Implementing approved changes and updating affected work products
- Verifying changes through peer review
The process ensures that suggested changes are not lost or overlooked and that stakeholders are informed of change requests and status.

Measuring Change Activity

Measuring change activity helps assess the stability of requirements.
Tracking aspects include:
- Total number of change requests received, open, and closed
- Cumulative number of added, deleted, and modified requirements
- Number of requests originating from each change origin
- Total effort devoted to processing and implementing change requests

Tracing Requirements

Tracing requirements involves tracking the life of a requirement from origin to implementation.
Trace links allow for forward and backward tracing of requirements.
Requirements tracing helps:
- Find missing requirements
- Identify unnecessary requirements
- Perform change impact analysis
- Maintain software systems
- Reuse product components
- Track project implementation status
A requirements traceability matrix can be used to represent trace information between system elements.

Applying Requirements Tracing

Educate the team about tracing concepts and importance
Select link relationships to define and choose a traceability matrix type
Identify parts of the product for tracing and assign tracing responsibilities
Modify development procedures to update links after implementing requirements or approved changes
Define labeling conventions for unique identifiers
Audit trace information periodically to ensure accuracy

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Description

Learn about the importance of managing changes in software development. Understand why it's necessary to adapt to new market opportunities, regulations, and business needs.