Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following techniques is most likely to be used at the beginning and end of a soft tissue mobilization session?
Which of the following techniques is most likely to be used at the beginning and end of a soft tissue mobilization session?
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of soft tissue mobilization?
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of soft tissue mobilization?
Which of the following best describes the goal of petrissage?
Which of the following best describes the goal of petrissage?
Which of the following is a clinical indication for the use of soft tissue mobilization?
Which of the following is a clinical indication for the use of soft tissue mobilization?
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According to the content provided, how does soft tissue mobilization decrease pain? (Select all that apply)
According to the content provided, how does soft tissue mobilization decrease pain? (Select all that apply)
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What is the primary goal of using a Gua Sha tool?
What is the primary goal of using a Gua Sha tool?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of Lymphedema?
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of Lymphedema?
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What is the primary difference between contractile and non-contractile tissues?
What is the primary difference between contractile and non-contractile tissues?
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What are the primary benefits of using instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) techniques?
What are the primary benefits of using instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) techniques?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for cupping therapy?
What is the primary mechanism of action for cupping therapy?
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Why is it important to consider patient positioning when performing soft tissue mobilization techniques?
Why is it important to consider patient positioning when performing soft tissue mobilization techniques?
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Which of the following is NOT a consideration when deciding whether to use an adhesion breaker tool?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when deciding whether to use an adhesion breaker tool?
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What is the primary distinction between superficial and deep soft tissue mobilization techniques?
What is the primary distinction between superficial and deep soft tissue mobilization techniques?
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Which of the following is NOT a technique used in Tapotement?
Which of the following is NOT a technique used in Tapotement?
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What is the goal of Tapotement?
What is the goal of Tapotement?
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Which of the following techniques is used to create sustained pressure for more than 60 seconds?
Which of the following techniques is used to create sustained pressure for more than 60 seconds?
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Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM)?
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM)?
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What is the primary difference between active and latent trigger points?
What is the primary difference between active and latent trigger points?
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Which of the following is a common cause of Myofascial Pain Syndrome?
Which of the following is a common cause of Myofascial Pain Syndrome?
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Which of the following techniques is NOT a type of Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM)?
Which of the following techniques is NOT a type of Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM)?
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Which of the following is NOT a precaution for Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM)?
Which of the following is NOT a precaution for Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM)?
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Study Notes
Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM) Overview
- STM is a therapeutic modality that uses hands or instruments to improve tissue extensibility, improve movement and decrease pain.
- The main objectives are to discuss STM as a modality, describe different techniques, and examine the clinical decision-making involved.
What is STM?
- STM involves utilizing hands or devices to increase tissue extensibility.
- STM is an adjunctive treatment assisting in improving movement and decreasing pain.
- The process leverages gate control theory and the release of endorphins.
- Understanding anatomy is crucial for effective STM.
Gate Control Theory
- Pain signals can be interrupted in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord.
- This area acts as a gate, potentially reducing the perception of pain.
Potential Effects of STM
- Relaxation
- Improved circulation
- Decreased pain
- Increased tissue extensibility
- Reduced adhesions
- Enhanced fluid/lymph drainage
- Potential psychological benefits
When to Use STM
- Pain management
- Addressing postural dysfunction
- Post-operative recovery
- Contracture release
- Reducing joint stiffness
- Addressing edema
- Other treatment needs
Types of STM Techniques
- Effleurage: Long gliding motions, using palmar surface of one or both hands; slow and rhythmic. Used at the beginning and end of a session.
- Petrissage: Kneading, lifting, wringing, skin rolling; alternating compression and relaxation, to mobilize deep tissue and stretch adherent fibrous tissues.
- Friction: Creates a mild inflammatory response enhancing collagen remodeling in a localized region; i.e. tendons, ligaments, and muscles are targeted. Small, circular or transverse motion is used for 5-10 minutes.
- Tapotement: Used to increase circulation, alter muscle tone and loosen mucous in the lungs (percussion). Techniques include: cupping, hacking, and tapping.
Trigger Point Techniques
- Sensitive areas can produce pain (TP).
- Active vs. latent trigger points.
- Techniques use sustained pressure (>60 seconds) for palpation.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
- Pressure on sensitive areas (trigger points) causes localized and/or referred pain.
- Usually a chronic condition.
- Causes include increased/decreased muscle use, imbalance, and impaired posture.
Other STM Techniques
- Rolfing Structural Integration
- Reflexology
- Acupressure
- Shiatsu
- Others
How Does STM Start?
- Obtain patient consent.
- Properly drape the patient.
- Provide patient education.
- Keep hands relaxed during treatment.
- Parallel hands for superficial pressure.
- Increased hand angles for increased tissue depth.
- More contact area improves patient comfort.
Contraindications
- Thrombus, embolism
- Known malignancy
- Known infection
- Non-union fractures
- Open wounds
- Lack of sensation
- Edema related to cardiac dysfunction
Precautions
- Allodynia
- Dermatological conditions
- Fear of touch
- Psychological factors
- Anticoagulants/supplements
- Lymphedema
- Acute inflammatory condition
- Pregnancy
- Connective tissue disorders
- Hematoma
- Altered sensation
- Allergies to topical products
Potential Adverse Effects
- Increased symptoms
- Dependence on STM
- Bruising
Things to Consider
- Patient healing phase (contractile vs. non-contractile)
- Proper patient positioning
- When to end treatment in session
- Why this tissue is dysfunctional
- Determining local vs. distal issues
Considerations Continued
- Treatment goals
- Effective communication with the patient
- Obtaining patient consent
- Proper draping
- Patient's thoughts/feelings/beliefs
- Body mechanics
- Superficial to deep techniques
- Assessing treatment effectiveness
- Accurate documentation
Tools for STM
- IASTM: Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization; various instruments including Rock Tape, HawkGrips, Graston, ASTYM, Tecnica Gavilan, Adhesion Breakers, Augmented Soft Tissue Mobilization, and Fascial Abrasion Technique
- Cupping: Acrylic, glass, or bamboo cups create suction on the skin.
- Gua Sha: Eastern medicine tool increasing circulation, improving lymphatic drainage, and decreasing pain; causes petechiae.
Research on STM
- Further research and standardization of clinical practice guidelines are needed.
Questions?
- Open-ended question for discussion.
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Description
Explore the therapeutic modality of Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM) through this quiz. Learn about its techniques, objectives, and the clinical decision-making process involved. Understand key concepts such as gate control theory and the benefits of STM in enhancing movement, decreasing pain, and improving tissue extensibility.
