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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What should the nurse do when nodes are abnormal?
What should the nurse do when nodes are abnormal?
- Avoid exploration of the area around the abnormal nodes
- Check the area upstream of the abnormal nodes for the source of the problem (correct)
- Check the area downstream of the abnormal nodes
- Ignore them and focus on other areas
In which four areas of the body are lymph nodes accessible for examination?
In which four areas of the body are lymph nodes accessible for examination?
- Head and neck, arms, breasts, and axillae
- Head and neck, arms, inguinal area, and axillae (correct)
- Arms, breasts, inguinal area, and legs
- Head, breasts, groin, and abdomen
A mother brings her newborn for an assessment and is concerned about the baby's head size. What is true regarding the relative proportions of the head and trunk of a newborn?
A mother brings her newborn for an assessment and is concerned about the baby's head size. What is true regarding the relative proportions of the head and trunk of a newborn?
- At birth, the head is one fifth the total length (correct)
- The chest circumference is usually greater than the head circumference at birth
- The head size decreases over time in comparison to the trunk size
- The head size is not a concern as long as the baby is feeding well
What does the soft spot on a baby's head allow for during the first year of life?
What does the soft spot on a baby's head allow for during the first year of life?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial muscles and can be damaged leading to asymmetry of palpebral fissures?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial muscles and can be damaged leading to asymmetry of palpebral fissures?
If a patient is unable to differentiate between sharp and dull stimulation on both sides of her face, the nurse might suspect damage to which nerve?
If a patient is unable to differentiate between sharp and dull stimulation on both sides of her face, the nurse might suspect damage to which nerve?
When does the triangular-shaped posterior fontanel typically close in infants?
When does the triangular-shaped posterior fontanel typically close in infants?
What can asymmetry in a baby's palpebral fissures indicate?
What can asymmetry in a baby's palpebral fissures indicate?
What is the purpose of the diamond-shaped anterior fontanel in babies?
What is the purpose of the diamond-shaped anterior fontanel in babies?
What age does a child's head reach 90% of its final size?
What age does a child's head reach 90% of its final size?
At what age does the anterior fontanel typically close?
At what age does the anterior fontanel typically close?
What predominates in head growth during the fetal period?
What predominates in head growth during the fetal period?
What may cause enhanced facial bones according to the text?
What may cause enhanced facial bones according to the text?
Why do facial bones become more noticeable with age?
Why do facial bones become more noticeable with age?
What happens to facial skin with age according to the text?
What happens to facial skin with age according to the text?
What type of quality do migraine headaches typically have?
What type of quality do migraine headaches typically have?
What symptom is associated with migraine headaches being relieved?
What symptom is associated with migraine headaches being relieved?
Which type of headache is typically associated with a family history of the same problem?
Which type of headache is typically associated with a family history of the same problem?
What is a common sign of meningeal inflammation in addition to a severe headache?
What is a common sign of meningeal inflammation in addition to a severe headache?
Which type of headache is associated with an onset of neck stiffness and fever?
Which type of headache is associated with an onset of neck stiffness and fever?
What common observation may lead a nurse to suspect an issue during a well-baby checkup?
What common observation may lead a nurse to suspect an issue during a well-baby checkup?
What causes the trachea to be pushed to the unaffected side?
What causes the trachea to be pushed to the unaffected side?
What condition is suspected when a nurse notes depressed and sunken fontanels in an infant?
What condition is suspected when a nurse notes depressed and sunken fontanels in an infant?
What causes the trachea to be pulled to the affected side?
What causes the trachea to be pulled to the affected side?
Which of the following conditions does not affect the fontanels?
Which of the following conditions does not affect the fontanels?
What would cause tense or bulging fontanels in an infant?
What would cause tense or bulging fontanels in an infant?
In an infant, what symptoms suggest chronic watery eyes, sneezing, and clear nasal drainage?
In an infant, what symptoms suggest chronic watery eyes, sneezing, and clear nasal drainage?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Examination of Abnormal Nodes
- Immediate action includes performing further assessments to determine the cause and severity of abnormalities.
Accessible Lymph Node Areas
- Cervical (neck) region
- Axillary (armpit) region
- Inguinal (groin) region
- Supraclavicular area (above the collarbone)
Newborn Head Size Concerns
- Newborns have larger head proportions relative to their trunk; the head makes up about one-quarter of their total body length.
Function of Soft Spots (Fontanels)
- Allow for brain growth and skull flexibility during childbirth and the first year of life.
Responsible Cranial Nerve for Facial Muscles
- The facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) controls facial muscles; damage can cause asymmetry of palpebral fissures.
Differentiation Between Sharp and Dull Stimulation
- Potential damage to the trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V) if a patient cannot differentiate sensations on the face.
Closure of Posterior Fontanel
- Typically closes by 2 to 3 months of age.
Asymmetry in Palpebral Fissures
- May indicate neurological issues or facial nerve damage.
Purpose of Anterior Fontanel
- Facilitates skull expansion for brain growth and eases delivery during birth; typically diamond-shaped.
Head Growth Milestones
- A child's head reaches 90% of its final size by age 6.
Closure of Anterior Fontanel
- Generally closes by 12 to 18 months of age.
Predominant Growth During Fetal Period
- Growth is mainly in head circumference, necessary for brain development.
Enhanced Facial Bones
- Enhanced due to growth conditions or genetic factors as children develop.
Noticeability of Facial Bones with Age
- Facial bones become more pronounced as the skin loses elasticity and thickness over time.
Changes in Facial Skin with Age
- Skin may become thinner, less elastic, and have more wrinkles due to aging.
Nature of Migraine Headaches
- Migraines are typically pulsating or throbbing in quality.
Relief Symptoms Associated with Migraines
- Often improved by rest or sleep in a quiet, dark environment.
Family History in Headache Types
- Migraines frequently have a genetic component, often noted in family histories.
Common Sign of Meningeal Inflammation
- Severe headache, often accompanied by other symptoms like neck stiffness and sensitivity to light.
Headaches with Neck Stiffness and Fever
- These indicate potential meningitis, a serious condition requiring immediate attention.
Observations During Well-Baby Checkup
- Uneven head shape or lack of normal head control can raise concerns.
Trachea Displacement to Unaffected Side
- Occurs due to conditions like tension pneumothorax, pushing the trachea away from the affected lung.
Symptoms Suggesting Depressed and Sunken Fontanels
- Indicates dehydration or possible cerebral hypovolemia in an infant.
Trachea Pulled to Affected Side
- Happens in cases like atelectasis or pleural effusion, where the lung on one side collapses.
Conditions Not Affecting Fontanels
- Conditions unrelated to intracranial pressure or fluid status typically do not impact fontanel status.
Causes of Tense or Bulging Fontanels
- Often result from increased intracranial pressure due to conditions like hydrocephalus.
Symptoms Suggesting Chronic Nasal Issues in Infants
- Chronic watery eyes, sneezing, and clear nasal drainage may indicate allergic rhinitis or nasal congestion.
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