Sodium Iodide (I-131) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of sodium iodide (I-131)?

  • To treat the malignancy of the thyroid gland (correct)
  • To treat lung cancer
  • To cure heart disease
  • To enhance bone density
  • Sodium iodide (I-131) emits only alpha radiation.

    False

    What is the half-life of I-131?

    8 days

    Sodium iodide is used in small doses to detect the normal functioning of the __________ gland.

    <p>thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following applications of sodium iodide (I-131) with their corresponding doses:

    <p>Detection of thyroid function = Small doses Therapy of thyroid malignancy = High doses Cure for hyperthyroidism = Varies Standard assay procedure = Comparison with I-131 solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation is primarily responsible for destroying malignant cells in the thyroid tissue?

    <p>Beta radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pH of sodium iodide solution is usually acidic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two hazardous components added to the injection formulation of sodium iodide to improve shelf-life?

    <p>Benzyl alcohol and sodium thiosulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of radiopharmaceuticals?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radioactive substances should be stored in containers that are not tightly sealed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one use of radioactive substances in medicine.

    <p>Therapeutic agent, diagnostic agent, research studies, or sterilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiations are used for the sterilization of _____ media.

    <p>culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following applications of radiopharmaceuticals with their descriptions:

    <p>Therapeutic agent = Used to treat diseases Diagnostic agent = Used to identify diseases Research studies = Used for scientific investigation Sterilization = Used to sterilize instruments and substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the darkening of a storage container indicate?

    <p>The radioactive substance is still intact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The storage area for radioactive compounds should allow frequent visits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of container should radioactive substances for parenteral use be kept in?

    <p>Glass vial or ampoule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sodium Iodide (I-131)

    • Sodium iodide (I-131) is a radiopharmaceutical used primarily to treat thyroid gland malignancy.
    • Available in various formulations, including solutions, capsules, and injections.
    • Sodium iodide ionizes, emitting beta radiation (90%) and gamma radiation (10%).

    Mechanism of Action

    • Thyroid gland readily traps I-131 isotopes via a sodium/iodide symporter.
    • I-131 is oxidized to iodine within the thyroid gland.
    • Beta radiation emitted by I-131 destroys malignant thyroid cells.

    Properties

    • Sodium iodide solution is clear and colorless but may darken over time due to radiation.
    • pH of the solution ranges from 7.5 to 9.0.
    • Preservatives like benzyl alcohol and reducing agents like sodium thiosulfate are added to extend shelf life and prevent oxidation in aqueous formulations.
    • The half-life of I-131 is 8 days.

    Assay

    • Assayed by comparing the activity of radioactive sodium iodide with a standard I-131 solution.
    • Radioactivity is measured using a Geiger-Muller counter or scintillation detector.
    • Typical dose of sodium iodide I-131 ranges from 5 to 1000 µCi, depending on the procedure.

    Uses

    • Small doses used to assess thyroid gland function.
    • High doses used in thyroid gland malignancy therapy.
    • Used to treat hyperthyroidism.

    Common Side Effects

    • Nausea.
    • Vomiting.
    • Neck tenderness and swelling.
    • Dry mouth.
    • Loss of taste.

    Storage Conditions of Radiopharmaceuticals

    • Radioactive substances should be stored in tightly sealed containers.
    • Storage areas should restrict frequent access.
    • Storage should comply with national and international regulations.
    • Containers should be labeled appropriately to avoid misuse and adverse effects.
    • Darkening of the container during storage does not indicate degradation of the radioactive substance.
    • Parenteral radiopharmaceuticals should be stored in glass vials or ampoules to clearly visualize the content.

    Pharmaceutical Applications of Radioactive Substances

    • Used in medicine as therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents, research tools, and for sterilization.

    Radiopharmaceuticals as Therapeutic Agents

    • Used for therapeutic purposes, such as treating thyroid cancer and other conditions.

    Radiopharmaceuticals as Diagnostic Agents

    • Used for diagnosis procedures, such as imaging scans to evaluate organ function and identify abnormalities.

    Radiopharmaceuticals in Research Studies

    • Used in scientific research to study various biological processes, develop new drugs, and understand the effects of radiation.

    Radiopharmaceuticals in Sterilization

    • Used for sterilizing culture media, surgical instruments, and thermolabile biological substances.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the uses, mechanism of action, and properties of Sodium Iodide (I-131), a key radiopharmaceutical in treating thyroid cancer. Learn about its ionization process, emitted radiation types, and assay methods that ensure the efficacy of this treatment.

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