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What is the primary purpose of sodium iodide (I-131)?
Sodium iodide (I-131) emits only alpha radiation.
False
What is the half-life of I-131?
8 days
Sodium iodide is used in small doses to detect the normal functioning of the __________ gland.
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Match the following applications of sodium iodide (I-131) with their corresponding doses:
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What type of radiation is primarily responsible for destroying malignant cells in the thyroid tissue?
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The pH of sodium iodide solution is usually acidic.
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What are the two hazardous components added to the injection formulation of sodium iodide to improve shelf-life?
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Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of radiopharmaceuticals?
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Radioactive substances should be stored in containers that are not tightly sealed.
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Name one use of radioactive substances in medicine.
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Radiations are used for the sterilization of _____ media.
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Match the following applications of radiopharmaceuticals with their descriptions:
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What does the darkening of a storage container indicate?
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The storage area for radioactive compounds should allow frequent visits.
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What type of container should radioactive substances for parenteral use be kept in?
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Study Notes
Sodium Iodide (I-131)
- Sodium iodide (I-131) is a radiopharmaceutical used primarily to treat thyroid gland malignancy.
- Available in various formulations, including solutions, capsules, and injections.
- Sodium iodide ionizes, emitting beta radiation (90%) and gamma radiation (10%).
Mechanism of Action
- Thyroid gland readily traps I-131 isotopes via a sodium/iodide symporter.
- I-131 is oxidized to iodine within the thyroid gland.
- Beta radiation emitted by I-131 destroys malignant thyroid cells.
Properties
- Sodium iodide solution is clear and colorless but may darken over time due to radiation.
- pH of the solution ranges from 7.5 to 9.0.
- Preservatives like benzyl alcohol and reducing agents like sodium thiosulfate are added to extend shelf life and prevent oxidation in aqueous formulations.
- The half-life of I-131 is 8 days.
Assay
- Assayed by comparing the activity of radioactive sodium iodide with a standard I-131 solution.
- Radioactivity is measured using a Geiger-Muller counter or scintillation detector.
- Typical dose of sodium iodide I-131 ranges from 5 to 1000 µCi, depending on the procedure.
Uses
- Small doses used to assess thyroid gland function.
- High doses used in thyroid gland malignancy therapy.
- Used to treat hyperthyroidism.
Common Side Effects
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Neck tenderness and swelling.
- Dry mouth.
- Loss of taste.
Storage Conditions of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Radioactive substances should be stored in tightly sealed containers.
- Storage areas should restrict frequent access.
- Storage should comply with national and international regulations.
- Containers should be labeled appropriately to avoid misuse and adverse effects.
- Darkening of the container during storage does not indicate degradation of the radioactive substance.
- Parenteral radiopharmaceuticals should be stored in glass vials or ampoules to clearly visualize the content.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Radioactive Substances
- Used in medicine as therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents, research tools, and for sterilization.
Radiopharmaceuticals as Therapeutic Agents
- Used for therapeutic purposes, such as treating thyroid cancer and other conditions.
Radiopharmaceuticals as Diagnostic Agents
- Used for diagnosis procedures, such as imaging scans to evaluate organ function and identify abnormalities.
Radiopharmaceuticals in Research Studies
- Used in scientific research to study various biological processes, develop new drugs, and understand the effects of radiation.
Radiopharmaceuticals in Sterilization
- Used for sterilizing culture media, surgical instruments, and thermolabile biological substances.
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Description
This quiz covers the uses, mechanism of action, and properties of Sodium Iodide (I-131), a key radiopharmaceutical in treating thyroid cancer. Learn about its ionization process, emitted radiation types, and assay methods that ensure the efficacy of this treatment.
