Untitled Quiz

Radiographic Positioning and Terminology

• Anatomical Position: Standing upright, face forward, arms extended, palms forward, heels together, toes pointing anteriorly

• Body Planes:

  • Sagittal: Divides body into right and left
    • Midsagittal: Equal right and left
    • Parasagittal: Unequal right and left
  • Coronal: Divides body into anterior and posterior
    • Midcoronal/Midaxillary plane: Equal anterior and posterior
  • Axial/Transverse: Divides body into superior and inferior

• Special Planes:

  • Interiliac plane: Transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crest, level with L4 spinous process. Used for positioning lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx.
  • Occlusal plane: Formed by biting surfaces of upper and lower teeth with jaws closed. Used for positioning odontoid process and some head projections

• Anatomic Relationship Terms:

  • Deep: Parts far from the surface
  • Lateral: Parts away from the median plane
  • Parietal: Wall or lining of a body cavity
  • Visceral: Covering of an organ
  • Proximal: Parts nearest the point of attachment/origin
  • Distal: Parts farthest from the point of attachment/origin
  • Ipsilateral: Parts on the same side of the body
  • Contralateral: Parts on the opposite side of the body
  • External: Parts outside of an organ/body
  • Internal: Parts inside of an organ/body
  • Palmar/Volar (hand): Palm of the hand
  • Dorsum (hand): Back or posterior surface of the hand
  • Plantar (foot): Sole of the foot
  • Dorsum (foot): Top or anterior surface of the foot

• Projection:

  • Anteroposterior (AP): Perpendicular central ray (CR) enters the front (anterior) body surface and exits the back (posterior) body surface
  • Posteroanterior (PA): Perpendicular CR enters the back (posterior) body surface and exits the front (anterior) body surface

• Position: The position of the patient's body during the examination

• View: The specific image obtained

• Method: The specific technique used for positioning and image acquisition

• Body Movement Terminology:

  • Flexion: Bending of a joint
  • Extension: Straightening of a joint
  • Rotation: Turning of a body part
  • Abduction: Movement away from the midline
  • Adduction: Movement toward the midline

Radiologic Contrast Examinations

• Pharmacological Agents:
  • Hyoscine-N-Butylbromide (Buscopan): Antimuscarinic agent that inhibits intestinal motility and gastric secretion. Used as a diagnostic aid for GI studies.

Barium Studies

• Barium Swallow:

  • Indications: Dysphagia, esophageal motility disorders.
  • Technique: The patient swallows barium while fluoroscopic images are acquired.

• Barium Meal:

  • Indications: Evaluation of the stomach and upper small bowel.
  • Technique: Barium is administered orally, and fluoroscopic images are acquired as it passes through the GI tract.

• Barium Enema:

  • Indications: Evaluation of the colon.
  • Technique: Barium is instilled into the rectum and colon via a rectal tube.

Gastrografin Studies

• Gastrografin - Water-soluble contrast agent.

• Gastrografin Gastrografin:

  • Indications: Conditions where leakage into the peritoneal cavity is possible.
  • Technique: Gastrografin is administered orally or via nasogastric tube.

• Gastrografin Enema:

  • Indications: Evaluation of the colon when barium is contraindicated.
  • Technique: Gastrografin is instilled into the rectum and colon via a rectal tube.

Small Bowel Follow-Through

• Indications: Evaluation of the small bowel function and abnormalities like Crohn's disease or malabsorption.
• Technique: Oral administration of a barium mixture, followed by serial fluoroscopic images as barium transit through the small bowel.

Other Radiologic Examinations

• CT Scan:

  • Indications: Evaluation of various organs and tissues including abdominal, pelvic, and brain.
  • Technique: Use of X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images.

• MRI Scan:

  • Indications: Evaluation of various organs and tissues including brain, spinal cord, and musculoskeletal system.
  • Technique: Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images.